Papers by Keyword: Laser Engraving

Abstract: Although Laser engraving (LE) is increasingly adopted for precision surface texturing, the resulting surface is highly sensitive to the coupled thermal and hydrodynamic mechanisms governing laser–material interaction. In this experimental work, LE of Incoloy 800HT is systematically investigated using an L9 Taguchi design of experiments considering Laser Power (LP), Laser Scanning Speed (LSS), and Laser Pulse Frequency (LPF) as control parameters. Surface roughness is quantified using the arithmetical mean height (Ra), maximum profile height (Rz), skewness (Rsk), and the height at material ratio Rmc = 20%, enabling both amplitude-and function-oriented assessment of the engraved textures. The contribution of each parameter is evaluated through ANOVA and response ranking, and regression-based correlations are established to support predictive selection of processing conditions. The results show that LP is the dominant factor for Ra, Rz, and Rmc (20%), while LSS primarily governs Rsk, reflecting the role of scanning speed in controlling melt redistribution and peak–valley balance. High cumulative energy conditions promote thermal accumulation, melt ejection, spatter redeposition, and recast formation, leading to substantially rougher surfaces, as corroborated by topography and SEM observations.

Abstract: Laser engraving of elements for injection molds is a technology that allows precise and durable engraving of various details on the surface of the molds. This method uses a focused laser beam to remove material from the mold surface, creating high-resolution patterns, text or codes. This study investigates the influence of various parameters on the laser engraving process, utilizing factorial experimental design to systematically analyze their effects. The parameters considered include power, speed, frequency, number of cuts, stepover, focal distance, and engraving strategy. The objective function of the study is the processing time, which is critical for optimizing efficiency in laser engraving applications. By employing a factorial approach, we aim to identify the interactions between these factors and their collective impact on processing time. The results indicate that certain parameters significantly affect the engraving efficiency, providing insights into optimal settings for enhanced performance. This research contributes to the understanding of laser engraving dynamics and offers practical guidelines for practitioners seeking to improve operational efficiency in laser-based manufacturing processes. Due to the high precision, and flexibility, laser engraving allows the creation of fine and very complex details with high efficiency and durability.

Abstract: Laser engraving is a process in which a laser beam is used to mark or cut a material. It is a non-contact process in which the laser energy is focused and directed at the surface of the material, producing a chemical or physical change in the material. The process is fast and accurate and can be used on a wide variety of materials, including wood, metal, glass, plastic, leather, etc. The process has a variety of applications. In the field of moulds, it is used to mark moulds, to engrave company logos and certain informational text, or to engrave certain fine details on the active surface of the mould. In this paper, the use of factorial experiments is proposed to identify the factors that influence the engraving depth.

Abstract: The production of hydrogen through electrochemical water splitting using renewable energy sources shows promise in achieving net-zero emissions. This process requires a catalyst for the electrochemical splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen. Many studies are dedicated to discovering efficient catalysts for water-splitting reactions that do not depend on noble metals. Integrating metal nanoparticles into laser-induced graphene has proven to deliver high catalytic performance, attributed to the high surface area and efficient charge transfer enabled by the highly conductive nature of laser-induced graphene. However, optimization of the laser-induced graphene electrodes is necessary for their effective use in water-splitting reactions. This study optimized the 405nm visible laser parameters to tune the Reduced polyimide-derived RPI laser-induced graphene electrodes for driving a water-splitting reaction. The optimization of the laser parameters revealed that a laser power of 5W, 10W, and 15W, engraving speeds of 1000 mm/min, 2000 mm/min, 3000 mm/min, and 4000 mm/min, and line-to-line tracing 20 line/mm, 18 line/mm and 15 line/mm with horizontally and vertically settings provides the optimum electrodes for water-splitting reaction.

Abstract: Ceramic tools are a feasible solution for machining hard steels due to their excellent performance in high-temperature environments, which improves productivity. However, the high cutting speeds achieved with ceramic tools can generate cutting temperatures so high that they damage the surface roughness of the component. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the influence of different texturing inclinations on the final roughness of the component and the cutting forces during cutting on Al₂O₃ with TiC for the turning of 1.2990 cold work tool steel. The experimental setup involved testing five different texture grooves inclinations on the rake face of CNGA 120408 inserts, with a recommended cutting speed of 180 m/min, feed of 0.15 mm/rev, and a depth of cut of 0.5 mm. The tests were carried out in dry conditions. Results showed that the textured tools produced lower cutting forces (8%) and better surface roughness (improvement of 16% for R_a and 18% for R_z) than the reference tool without texture. Therefore, texturing inclinations can be used to mitigate the impact of high cutting speeds on the component during ceramic tool machining.

Abstract: To perform heterogeneous joining of metal and plastic, usually the metal part is made first, and then the injection molding is used for joining. The joining method is mostly inserted injection molding, such as electronic parts joints; the other is injection molding followed by locking and fixing with screws, such as electronic product panels. The latter will spend too much labor time and cost. This study explores the method of generating microstructures on the metal surface to increase the joining strength between the metal part and the plastic part. The joining strength of the inserted injection molding process is discussed. The effects of physical characteristics of the plastic on the joining properties between the metal insert and the plastic part are also investigated. Moreover, this research also modified the injection molding mold to combine metal stamping and injection molding into one process. The results show that when the anodized metal surface is joined to the plastic, the plastic and the metal specimen will fail to join due to their different shrinkage percentages. However, if the metal specimen is laser engraved, the joining strength between the plastic and the metal will increase. Laser engraving is recommended for joining between metal and plastic, with less restriction, and the processing time is much shorter than the anodizing process.

Abstract: The work aim to the reaction mechanism of laser engraving polycarbonate (PC)-based films. The calculation of infrared-laser acting on the PC films, was carried out by using one-dimensional heat conduction model. The power density of laser device required for laser engraving polycarbonate-based films was determined to be 4.86~7.73×10⁴ W/cm². Characterized by the FTIR spectra, SEM, DSC and TGA, the reaction mechanism was studied. The results show that the light-sensitive particles in the PC films absorb the laser energy with wavelength of 1064nm. After reaching the temperature of 509°C, the main chain of PC molecule opened due to the breakage of C-O bond in PC molecular terminal group and C-O bond between PC monomers. As the energy continues to be absorbed, the temperature reach to 610°C, the decomposition products decomposed into carbon black, which can form a black carbon spot.

Abstract: Several factors can influence the hue variation of tiles through contact elements; the pressure on the surface to be decorated is an important feature. This paper studied this variable applied to decoration by silicone cylinders. A variation of height was made between the cylinder and the tile. The influence of the feature is linked to cylinder wear and distance decrease. The reflectance, as well as the shape and filling of the decorated dots of gray scale values (5, 25 and 85%) were analyzed; the heights studied were 0.8; 1.0; 1.3 and 1.5mm. A similar behavior was observed in the engraving studied; in low shades of gray the reflectance decreases with increasing pressure and then becomes directly proportional; in the middle and high tones range the general trend was an increase in reflectance with increasing pressure on the ceramic tile.

Abstract: On the ceramic tile production there are plenty of different possible origins inside the process that can lead to hue variation. Many tile producers use to increase the speed of production and the machinery industry follow this tendency to please their costumers; and so this scenario creates a need of a study on the influence of the speed production on hue variation. In this work this influence was verified using the silicon laser engraving method, one of the most methods worldwide used.

Abstract: The transparent conductive film (TCF) is the conductive material with higher light transmittance and good conductivity in the visible light range. Up to now, it is popular to print transparent conductive film with metal grid. From the perspective of making transparent conductive film by gravure printing, the printing effect of the fine lines on the TCF is analyzed by diverse gravure plate-making method. According to the requirements of the fine lines and conductivity for TCF, the two kinds of plate are made respectively by laser ablation method and laser engraving method, and applied respectively in proofing. The advantages and disadvantages of the two plate-making methods are evaluated, according to the analysis on the line width, conductivity and light transmittance of the TCF. The research results show that the laser ablation method can obtain the good electric conductivity and light transmittance of the TCF, but a relatively larger printing line width, the laser engraving method can get better relatively small line width, but the poor conductivity and light transmittance. So, the plate-making process needs to be improved.