Papers by Keyword: Lead Oxide

Abstract: In the present paper, a composite containing mixed oxides of tin and lead has been synthesized by the method of pulsed high-voltage discharge. Material was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The composite consists of SnO₂ and PbO particles with an average size of ~350 nm, and SnPb₂O₄ nanowhiskers with size of 100 nm in diameter and few microns in length. The electrochemical performance of nanocomposite as a potential anode of lithium-ion battery has been investigated by the cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge test in the potential range of 3.0–0.005 V. The reversible capacity of 821 mA·h/g was realized after 5-fold cycling at a current density of 100 mA/g. It was established that further cycling of the material is accompanied by a dramatic capacity fade: only 13 % of the initial capacity was obtained already after 10 cycles. The observed degradation in performance of nanocomposite results from its inability to compensate large lithiation/delithiation-induced volume expansion.

Abstract: In this paper the systematized literature data about the PbO-Fe₂O₃ system and new experimental results are presented. Based on the analysis of EDX, DTA and PXRD data on a series of compositions from 5 to 85 mol % PbO, the phase diagram of the PbO-Fe₂O₃ system was updated. Using the obtained data and the data of other authors thermodynamic functions were optimized and the thermodynamic modeling of the phase equilibria in the system was performed, results of which are presented in the form of the PbO-Fe₂O₃ phase diagram.

Abstract: The structure material corrosion in liquid lead or lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is a tremendous limitation of the development of lead cooled fast reactors and accelerator driven sub-critical system (ADS). Keeping a certain oxygen concentration can prevent the steel pipe from corrosion by LBE. Through dissolution and precipitation of PbO ceramic has been found to control the oxygen concentration successfully. This paper presents research on a new technology of processing lead oxide ceramic. The raw material, pure lead oxide powder and deionized water, without any other chemical substances, were dry-pressed, placed in sample holder and heated in household microwave oven. Compare with conventional sintered ceramics, the microwave sintered lead oxide ceramics show better density, greater hardness. The results show that this promising technique has distinguished characteristics of energy-saving, rapid processing and better hardness and microstructure.

Abstract: In this work, the glass samples were prepared from the rice husk ash (RHA) with different PbO concentrations by melt-quenching technique. The effect of PbO on the physical and optical properties of the glasses from RHA have been studied. The results showed that the refractive index and density increased with increasing PbO concentration. The absorption spectra of all samples showed the cut-off wavelength approximately at 360 nm. For comparison, similar properties of SiO₂ glass doped with different PbO concentrations were also studied. It was found that the RHA is possible to be used as a raw material in the glass production.

Abstract: In this paper, we developed a simple and effective method to fabricate lead oxide plate films by electrochemical deposition. The electrolyte was lead nitrate aqueous solution with or without Cl- ions. Stainless steel plate was employed as both cathode and substrate, and a graphite plate as anode. We found the optimal current density of synthesizing lead oxide plate films is 10-25mA/cm2 when there were no Cl- ions in the electrolyte. If equal Cl- ions were added in lead nitrate aqueous solution, the optimal current density of synthesizing lead oxide plate films is less than 10mA/cm2. The as-prepared lead oxide plate films have orthorhombic crystals structure.

Abstract: In this paper, we report a simple method to fabricate lead oxide nanostructure by electrochemical deposition. In our experiment, the electrolyte was lead nitrate aqueous solution containing some drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid. ITO was employed as both cathode and substrate. The controlled current that was supplied by a direct current power supply passed through the electrolyte to deposit the PbO nanostructure on the surface of ITO at room temperature. The morphology of lead oxide was affected by the concentration of electrolyte. So the impact of the electrolyte concentration on the synthesis of PbO nanostructure was discussed. The as-synthesized products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Our results indicate that different PbO nanostructure could be formatted with different electrolyte concentration at current densities in the range of 5-10mA/cm2.

Abstract: The composite of silicon carbide with nickel and lead oxide was prepared by reaction sintered method. The phase compositions of the composites were studied by XRD, SEM and EDX. Friction and wear properties of the composites in dry conditions at the temperatures 15°C, 300°C and 600°C were tested using a pin-on-disk tribometer. The results showed that NiSi2 was formed and located between the SiC particles during sintering process. However the PbO was remained and distributed uniformly in the composites besides a little of Pb4SiO6 were formed. Friction coefficient of the composites decreased with the increase of the temperature and was about 0.2 at 600°C. And wear resistance of the composites was improved at all test temperatures comparing with that of the Si/SiC.

Abstract: A simple and facilitate method was reported to synthesize zinc oxide and lead oxide nanorods. Two metal oxides nanorods were directly obtained from grinding solid metallic salts and sodium hydroxide in agate mortar with the assistance of a suitable surfactant in only one step, which is different from the results of hydroxides in solution. The as-prepared products were characterized by XRD, TEM and SEM. An explanation describing possible mechanism for the rod-formation is given.