Papers by Keyword: Liquid Concentration

Abstract: Experimental studies of some physical properties of paulownia wood and identifies differences in comparison with other popular species are presented. In particular, the regularities of hydration and dehydration processes were investigated. Based on the results obtained, reliable data on the hygroscopic properties of paulownia were obtained for the first time. It was found that the hydration rapidity of paulownia (V_pl = 1.493) exceeds the similar rate of pine (V_pn = 1.1313) at a temperature of 20 °C. Changing the temperature of the liquid in which the wood is modified leads to an increase in the impregnation rapidity and, therefore, increases the productivity of the process. The dehydration rapidity of both species is almost the same (k = –0.002), which allows them to be dried simultaneously in the same chamber, optimizing production logistics. The dependence of liquid absorption on concentration was investigated. It has been found that a higher concentration outside causes a greater diffusion flux into the sample, while a higher concentration inside leads to a decrease in the sample weight. During the hydration stage, the weight of paulownia samples increased by 4 times, and pine samples – by 2.5 times. A two-stage kinetic model of wood hydration has been developed, which adequately describes the dynamics of the process. The resulting S-shaped curve clearly characterizes the features of the kinetics processes with saturation. Verification showed a high correlation – 85 % – for hydration and over 90 % for dehydration, which allows for accurate modeling and prediction of the technological processes of wood impregnation and drying.

Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of liquid drinks concentration using microprocessor based sensor. A prototype model based on hardware and software is used to run this analysis. The model then is tested and a few type of branded sold drinks base is analyzed on its concentration. The hardware comprises of a portable device that has been design to detect the differences between selected liquid drinks concentration. Those tested experimental drinks are Sunquick Blackcurrant, Sunquick Orange, Greenhill Rose, Greenhill Mango and Dutch Lady Full cream milk. A light dependant resistor (LDR) is used as the sensor to measure the light density through the liquid. The method has obtained the input voltage from the LDR circuit and display the concentration measurement on the liquid crystal display (LCD). Successful output has been gathered from the designing circuit. A printed circuit board (PCB) layout and programming using Basic language is developed and design in the identified hardware and software. This research has produced a data collections and statistical analysis on the identified drinks concentration. Comparison has been made and mathematical concept on the design system has been carried out.

Abstract: A kind of dynamic tracking system for conducting high accuracy measurement of transparent liquid concentration is designed by means of line matrix CCD receiving fringes in accordance with the relations between liquid concentration and refractive index as well as the relations among refractive index, interference light wavelength of optical fiber F-P interferometer and grade orders. The detecting system can recognize or detect 0.01% of concentration variations via measuring a group of alcohol.