Papers by Keyword: Load Growth

Abstract: This paper proposes a method for electrical substation expansion by considering reliability indices of various types of bus configuration in electrical substation. The reliability indices LOLF, LOLP, and EENS are evaluated by using Newton-Raphson power flow calculation with minimal cut sets. The yearly load growth, together with power capacity of components (capacity limit of components), and the operation of protective components are also taken into account. Two types of failures, i.e. active failure and passive failure, are considered. Finally, the reliability of all bus configuration types in electrical substation is compared by the reliability indices.

Abstract: In this paper the normal regimes of the Nigerian 330-132 kV power grid at 2003-2005 year levels were analyzed. The load flow studies were also carried out at perspective load growth forecast up to 10 years based on exponential trend using a program (Newton’s method). An analysis of results shows that with existing available generation and maximum load estimate by the utility there is a deficit which will persist if generation, commensurate with load growth, is not immediately reinforced. The network lacks adequate reactive power sources to maintain permissible bus voltages and the power transfer capability due to thermal constraints.