Papers by Keyword: Low Energy

Abstract: In constructing the low energy accelerator for plant modification the most important part is the ion source. In the conventional cold cathodes and hot filament ion source methods the filament continuously burns out over time, has a shorter lifespan and requires venting of the ion source to atmosphere. Henceforth the Radio frequency (RF) antenna ion source or “non-thermionic ion source” with 13.6 MHz was used in the accelerator as well as it being easy to generate varie the plasma souce and stability. This ion source can produce a particle beam of about ~30 to 40 mA current. The ion particle was extracted by the first zero voltage extraction rod electrode method focusing the ion beam of 0-30 kV with the second rod electrode after which the third rod electrode has zero voltage. In calculating and designing this system via the Simion8.0 Program, the result showed that the Ar⁺ ion beam with 30 keV can be focused with 1 cm diameter beam at the distance of 10 cm of the drift space.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to construct of database for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction technologies through the analysis of domestic and foreign green building certifications, as part of inventory study of greenhouse gas reduction technologies. For this purpose, analyzing G-SEED, LEED, BREEAM, CASBEE cert3ifications, derived the three categories associated with GHG reduction technologies and investigated the technologies related to standards of the three categories. As a result, commercially available GHG reduction domestic technologies database was constructed based on GHG reduction technology groups. After analyzing domestic and international environment-friendly building certifications (G-SEED, LEED, BREEAM, CASBEE), three categories (ecological environment, materials & resources, energy) associated with GHG reduction technology were derived. The certification standards by category and GHG reduction technologies were analyzed, and GHG reduction technology group was classified. Based on the list of the classified GHG reduction technologies, GHG reduction technologies commercialized in the Republic of Korea were kept as database.

Abstract: Building claddings still contains some technologically complicated details. The paper deals with modern diagnostics methods and possible solutions to eliminate energy leak.

Abstract: The radiation shielding abilities of functional particles (Sm₂O₃, Er₂O₃, WO₃ and Bi₂O₃) were simulated and proved to have a stronger absorption region and a weaker absorption region respectively. Four kinds of functional particles/epoxy radiation shielding composites used for low energy γ/Xray were designed based on the edge absorption and synergistic absorption. By optimizing the proportion of functional particles in epoxy composites, the radiation shielding abilities bad been further improved. According to the results of optimal design, a kind of Sm₂O₃/Er₂O₃/WO₃/Bi₂O₃/Epoxy composite was prepared and proved to be very efficient to shield low energy γ/X radiation.

Abstract: ZigBee routing protocol study and optimization for the problem of the effects of flooding AODVjr algorithm RREQ packet.By introducing new coordinate parameters and other methods to control the RREQ packet forwarding. Network robustness problem and prolong the life of the network, by changing the algorithm in the case of low energy strategy.And simulation comparison to verify the effectiveness of the optimization algorithm.

Abstract: The one cycle AC short-circuit transfer welding method is a new type of low-energy welding method, which could flexible control the welding process on the energy distribution of basement material and wires by changing the time of the polarity of the EN. Tests showed that the 1.0mm thin sheet welding, and welding process stability, beautiful weld bead, and small spatter could be achieved successfully by this one cycle AC short-circuit transfer welding method.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of low-energy direct current defibrillation combined with intravenous application of β-receptor blocker in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia storm (VTS). METHODS: A total of 59 patients with VTS were randomly divided into two groups. In the control group (n = 31), intravenous administration of Lidocaine or Amiodarone and routine electrical defibrillation were performed. In the esmolol group (n = 28), intravenous administration of esmolol and low-energy electrical defibrillation were performed in addition to the same drug treatment as the control group.RESULTS: The success rate of terminating recurrent ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation was significantly higher in the esmolol group than in the control group (89.71% vs. 39.89%, P < 0.05). The necessary discharge times and average discharge energy to terminate ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation were significantly decreased in the esmolol group compared with control (5.69 ± 1.34 times vs. 8.63 ± 3.79 times, 95.32 ± 13.21J vs. 185.39 ± 25.63J, both P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of hypotension (45.16% vs. 39.29%), sinus bradycardia (3.23% vs. 3.57%), and junctional/ventricular escape (38.71% vs. 39.29%) between the esmolol and control groups (all P > 0.05). The mortality was significantly lower in the esmolol group than in the control group (21.43%, 6/28 vs. 77.42%, 24/31, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Compared with conventional treatment, intravenous administration of a β-receptor blocker combined with low-energy electrical defibrillation could be a safe and effective therapy to treat VTS.

Abstract: The energy and the flux of the ion gun with a three-grid system was compared with those of the ion gun with a two-grid system and the characteristics of the neutral beam sources composed of the ion guns with different grid systems and a reflector for the low angle reflection of the ions were investigated. By using the three-grid system instead of the two-grid system and by applying higher negative voltage to the 2nd grid, a higher ion flux without changing the ion energy could be obtained for the ion gun of the neutral beam source. The three-grid ion gun system generated higher neutral beam fluxes compared to the two-grid ion gun system. This result was confirmed by measuring the etch rates of Si and GaAs with Ar and fluorine neutral beam. Also, using the neutral beam source with the three-grid ion gun, 35nm-width Si patterns could be etched vertically by CF4 gas indicating the formation of a parallel neutral beam.

Abstract: Surface atoms are activated as result of replacement collisional sequences in solids by incident ions. In dependence on theirs threshold (displacement) energy and angular distribution they may be sputtered (removed) or laterally relocated on the surface. The relocation length distribution depends on the energy and angular distributions of activated atoms and interaction atom-solid potential. The process of lateral relocation of surface atoms is considered as a sequence of stochastic removal and adsorption processes. The rate equations describing processes of sputtering, relocation and thermal diffusion are built and steady state solutions are presented for multielemental solids. The mechanisms of stochastic mixing of atoms and roughening of surface is discussed.