Papers by Keyword: Maleic Anhydride (MA)

Abstract: Using different long-chain alcohols (octanol, dodecanol, tetradecyl alcohol), maleic anhydride, allyl chloride, sodium bisulfite as the main raw materials, a series of polymerizable emulsifier--allyl-type sodium sulfosuccinic diesters have been synthesized in this paper. Through single-esterification and double-esterification, three diesters have been synthesized. The sulfonation conditions are as follows: using sodium maleic acid monoester as the phase transfer catalyst, sodium bisulfite and double-ester were allowed to react in the ratio of 1.0: 1.1 at 110°C for 4h in the solvent of a mixture of ethanol and water. The yield of sulfonation on sodium octyl sulfosuccinic diester and sodium dodecyl sulfosuccinic diester as well as sodium tetradecyl sulfosuccinic diester were 94.8%(Ⅰ), 96.78%(Ⅱ) and 93.6%(Ⅲ), respectively. All products were charac 4 terized by IR spectra and 1H NMR, and their surface properties were tested. The results showed that the surface properties of dodecyl sodium maleic acid monoester and tetradecyl sodium maleic acid monoester as well as sodium tetradecyl sulfosuccinic diester were better than lauryl sodium sulfate, and they were all suitable for being used as emulsifier.

Abstract: Stable leather superfine powder suspension was got by superfine powder of leather solid wastes, maleic anhydride(MAH) and acrylic acid(AA). The best MAH、AA modifying conditions with grafting ratio as index were discussed by orthogonal test according L9(34) factor levels, and the results show that modified productsⅠis got by the total amount of MAH account for 50% of the amount weight of leather superfine powder at 80°C for 3 hours in the solution of N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF). The MAH modified products was filtered and washed with water to reserve, and then was further modified by AA and MA being designed orthogonal test according L9(34)factor levels for optimum conditions with grafting ratio as index. The best modification conditions were as follows: ammonium persulfate(APS) as the initiator, the mass of initiator accounted for 2% of total weight of monomers , the volume ratio of AA and MA was 5, and the reaction temperature was 90 °C for 3 hours in 12% aqueous solution. The monomer grafting percentage of the products was 37.8%. The product was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and Size analyzer.

Abstract: α-pinene was isomerized in the presence of phosphomolybdic acid. One of the products, α-terpinene, can react with maleic anhydride to form α-terpinene and maleic anhydride adduct (TMA). The optimum conditions for the synthesis of TMA have been investigated. The yield of 83% can be attained with the heterogeneous catalyst phosphomolybdic acid on active carbon (PMA/C), and can maintain ~67% after the catalyst was used for 5 times.

Abstract: The grafted starch was prepared from corn starch and maleic anhydride. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterize the product. The Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/grafted starch composites were prepared by means of a melt blending method. The effect of grafted starch content on the properties of the composites was investigated. The morphology of the composites was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal degradation properties were studied by thermogravimetry (TG). The results indicated that the toughness could be improved obviously by adding suitable content of grafted starch. When 35 wt% grafted starch was added into PLA, the tensile strength decreased to 26.6 MPa from 51.7 MPa for pure PLA, elongation increased from 12.0% to 20.3%, flexural strength decreased from 99.0 MPa to 50.2 MPa, impact strength increased from 4.20 kJ/m² to 6.28 kJ/m².

Abstract: Abstract. Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were modified by grafting the maleic anhydride (MAH). The morphologies and structures of modified multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were characterized by using Scanning Electrohic Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR). The results showed that a layer of maleic anhydride was grafted on the surface of MWNTs by covalent bonding.

Abstract: Hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) flat ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by wet-spinning method. The effects of technical parameters of maleic anhydride grafted onto PVDF on the performance of hydrophilic PVDF membranes were investigated, the preparation technical parameters were determined, and the hydrophilic PVDF flat membranes were prepared. Then, hydrophilic PVDF membranes were characterized in terms of pure water flux, contact angle, infrared spectroscopic analysis and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results showed that maleic anhydride had been grafted onto PVDF, and the hydrophilic performance of the modified membrane was better than the traditional one.

Abstract: Reactive compatibilization between high-density polyethylene(HDPE) and wood-flour was achieved via direct reactive extrusion of maleic anhydride(MAH), initiator, HDPE and wood-flour. Impact rupture surface of the composites was observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM), and its load deformation temperature(HDT) and mechanical properties were tested. Effect of MAH dosage, initiator activity and extrusion temperature on the reactive compatibilization was analysed. The result indicated that the anchoring strength of interface in the composites was obviously strengthened and its HDT, tensile strength, flexural strength, notched impact strength and elongation at break were distinctly improved due to the addition of MAH and dicumyl peroxide(DCP). When the composites were extruded at 180°C, the peak values of its HDT, tensile strength, flexural strength, elongation at break and notched impact strength respectively were 79°C, 34Mpa, 36Mpa, 30% and 10KJ.m^-2, which respectively increased by 10°C, 62%, 33%, 200% and 150% than that of the composites without reactive compatibilization, and when the composites were extruded at 200°C, the peak values of its HDT, tensile strength, flexural strength, elongation at break and notched impact strength respectively were 78°C, 34Mpa, 36Mpa, 24% and 8KJ.m^-2, which respectively increased by 12°C, 55%, 33%, 200% and 100% than that of the composites without reactive compatibilization. In the case of DCP and MAH as compatibilizer, there was an optimum dosage of MAH. The optimum dosage was shifted forward as extrusion temperature increased.

Abstract: Soybean oil-based alkyd resin was prepared using soy-based polyol, maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride. The soy-based polyol was obtained through the epoxidization of soybean oil, followed by ring-opening with methanol and, the hydroxyl values of soybean oil-based polyols used in this reaction is 169.93 mgKOH/g. In the reactions of soy-based polyol, maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride, the molar ratio of hydroxyl value is equal to carboxyl value and the molar ratio of maleic anhydride to phthalic anhydride is 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2, respectively. 1% hydroquinone based on total reactants was used as inhibitor of polymerization, 1% dibutyltin oxide was used as catalyst.

Abstract: In this article, the esterification of methanol with maleic anhydride has been studied. The focus was on the production kinetics of monomethyl maleate. A three neck flask with a flux condenser and stirrer was taken as a batch reactor. The temperature was maintained and controlled by a thermostat. Data of concentration and time were collected by monitoring the change of the total acid. The production rate equation of monomethyl maleate was obtained through analyzing the data, which is .

Abstract: Sisal fiber/natural rubber (NR) composites were prepared by the incorporation of sisal fiber into NR at various content (10, 20, 30 phr) using a two-roll mill. Natural rubber grafted with maleic anhydride (NR-g-MA) prepared in house was used to improve interfacial adhesion between sisal fiber and NR matrix. NR-g-MA contents were varied. Mechanical properties, morphologies, and cure characteristics of the composites were studied. Maximum torque, modulus at 100% strain (M100), modulus at 300% strain (M300), and hardness of the composites increased with increasing fiber content while scorch time, cure time, tensile strength, and elongation at break decreased. The addition of NR-g-MA into the composites gave a positive impact on M100, M300, tensile strength, and hardness. Moreover, increasing NR-g-MA content resulted in increased scorch time, cure time, maximum torque, M100, M300, tensile strength, and hardness of the composites. SEM micrographs of the composites revealed that the addition of NR-g-MA into the composites improved the interfacial interaction between sisal fiber and NR matrix. In addition, the compatibilized NR composites exhibited higher specific tensile strength and modulus than the carbon black/NR composites.