Papers by Keyword: Mass Attenuation Coefficient

Abstract: The more applications involving gamma radiation, the more protection and prevention are needed to avoid its negative impact. Glass as gamma radiation shielding is widely developed. In this study, tellurite glasses were prepared using composition 70TeO₂ - (15-x)ZnO - 10Bi₂O₃ - 3Na₂CO₃ - 2Ho₂O₃ - x Nd₂O₃ (with x = 0, 1, 2, 3 mol%). These glasses were fabricated by the standard melt-quenching approach. The effect substitution of Nd₂O₃ on tellurite glasses was discussed in terms of physical (Density and Molar Volume (V_m)) and gamma radiation shielding properties. With the addition of Nd₂O₃ concentration, the density of tellurite glasses increases from 6.17 to 6.25 g/cm³ due to the higher molecular weight of Nd₂O₃. The gamma-ray shielding properties were investigated by simulating through the Phy-X PSD program within the energy range from 10^-3 to 10⁵ MeV. The results show tellurite glass with 3 mol% of Nd₂O₃ provides the highest Mass Attenuation Coefficient (MAC). Moreover, at energy 1 MeV the Mean Free Path (MFP) and Half Value Layer (HVL) values were 2.586 cm and 1.793 cm. It was found that adding Nd₂O₃ reduces the MFP and HVL values of tellurite glasses. Based on the analysis, it can be determined that Ho/Nd codoped tellurite glass with 3 mol% of Nd₂O₃ is the most suitable glass for gamma-ray shielding application.

Abstract: The bismuth sodium borate glasses in formula xBi₂O₃:20Na₂O:(80-x)B₂O₃ (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 mol %) have been prepared by melt-quenching technique. The glass sample at x=0 mol% show the colorless and show the stronger yellow at the higher Bi₂O₃ content. The glasses’s colors are corespondening with the cutoff wavelength’s results. The shielding properties were measured at 662 keV by Cs-137 radiation source. The obtained results show that the mass attenuation coefficient increased with the increasing of Bi₂O₃ concentration. Half Value Layer (HVL) of glasses were determined and compared with the some standard shielding materials. The optical and physical properties were also investigated.

Abstract: The luminescence and gamma-ray detection properties of Gd₂SiO₅: Ce single crystal scintillator were investigated. The light yield (LY) and energy resolution were measured using R6231 photomultiplier. At 662 keV γ-rays, high LY of 10,300 photons /MeV and good energy resolution of 6.4 % were obtained. The intrinsic LY and light loss coefficient under excitation with 662 keV γ-rays were evaluated. The mass attenuation coefficient for 662 keV γ-rays was also measured by transmission method and compared with the theoretical value calculated by WinXCom program.

Abstract: The Bi₂O₃ doped with soda lime borosilicate glasses in composition xBi₂O₃ : 15Na₂O : 10CaO : 20B₂O₃ : (55-x)SiO₂ at different concentrations (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mol%) were studied the photon interactions. The total mass attenuation coefficient, coherent, incoherent, photoelectric absorption and pair production of prepared were studies using WinXcom Program at 1keV to 2MeV. The result of total mass attenuation coefficient and photoelectric absorption were decreases but discontinue because of photoelectric absorption edge at low energy. The photoelectric effect shows the main interaction at the low energy and decrease with increasing of photon energy. The higher photon energy the incoherent scattering found to be the main interaction. But at the photon energy 1.022 MeV, the pair production will be occurs and found to be the main interaction at the photon energy higher than 1.022 MeV.

Abstract: The mass attenuation coefficients and partial interactions of BaO-ZnO-B₂O₃ glasses have been investigated using WinXCom program at difference photon energy. BaO-ZnO-B₂O₃ glasses were prepared in composition xBaO: 20ZnO: (80-x)B₂O₃ (where x = 15 and 20 mol %) by melt quenching technique under normal atmosphere. The densities of glasses are 3.0052 and 3.1022 g/cm³, respectively. The mass attenuation coefficients at 20% mol are higher than 15% mol of BaO in all energy range. The optical spectra were measured and good transparent behavior was obtained. Half value layer (HVL) of glasses are also report and compared with same standard shielding materials and show better shielding than ordinary concrete.

Abstract: The total mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ, cm² g^-1) of gamma-ray for building materials containing with Lead Carbonate (PbCO₃) have been studied. The raw building material have cement, sand and stone in the ratio 1 : 2 : 4. The raw material was mixed with 30% of PbCO₃ to be used as the sample material. The mass attenuation coefficient of the raw material has been calculated by theoretical approach using WinXCom program for the photon energy band from 1 keV to 100 GeV. The composition of sample material was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDXRF). The variations of mass attenuation coefficient are shown graphically and compared with that of standard shielding concretes. It was found that the sample building material has higher value of mass attenuation coefficient than standard shielding concretes at energy zone above 2–7 keV, 90–800 keV and 5 MeV–100 GeV.

Abstract: The mass attenuation coefficients and effective atomic numbers of ruby from Vietnam were measured at the different energy of γ-rays using the Compton scattering technique. The compositions of ruby were analyzed by energy dispersive x-rays fluorescence spectrometer and showed the Al₂O₃ is major composition. The results of the experimental values of mass attenuation coefficients and effective atomic numbers showed the good agreement with the theoretical values. The mass attenuation coefficients decreased with the increasing in gamma rays energies, due to the higher photon interaction probability of ruby at lower energy. The effective atomic numbers found to be constant around 10.0 electrons/atom.

Abstract: Mass attenuation coefficient, total interaction cross-section and effective atomic number of xPbO:(100-x)SiO2, where 30 x 70 (% weight), glass system have been investigated at 662 keV on the basis of the mixture rule. The results are in good agreement with the theoretical values, calculated by WinXCom. The mass attenuation coefficient increases with PbO content, due to higher probability of photoelectric absorption in glass. However, Compton scattering gives dominant contribution to the total mass attenuation coefficient for the glass samples studied. The shielding properties of the glass samples are also better than ordinary shielding concretes and commercial window glasses. These results indicate that the glass systems prepared in this study has a potential to be used as radiation shielding materials.

Abstract: Mass attenuation coefficients and partial photon interactions have been calculated theoretically at photon energy 60 keV for Bi2O3, PbO and BaO in xRmOn:(100-x)B2O3 glass system, when 30  x  70 (by %weight) using WinXCom. The values of these parameters have been found to significantly change with increasing of RmOn concentration. The variations of mass attenuation coefficients, photoelectric absorption, and coherent scattering were increased, whereas Compton scattering decreased along with increasing composition of glass samples. Those variations are due to photoelectric effect is the dominant interaction in low photon energy region. The use of mass attenuation coefficients to determine effective atomic numbers are also discuss, which found to be increase with the concentration of glass samples. This result reflecting the possibility to use bismuth and barium replaces lead for development of lead-free radiation protecting glass at appropriated photon energy, for leave non-toxically impact to our environment.