Papers by Keyword: Medical Application

Abstract: With the advent of internet of things (IOT), it breaks the tradition thought which separate the physical devices and IT infrastructure. It is the third wave of information industry in the world after computer, internet and mobile. This article introduces the features and key technologies of IOT, and explores the features and applications of IOT on medical system. Pointed out the technologies of IOT will bring great changes to medical applications.

Abstract: The work presents main achievements of international R&D activities of the Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials of Ufa State Aviation Technical University (IPAM USATU, Ufa, Russia) with a special attention to the innovative potential of nanostructured metals and alloys produced by severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques. Examples of the first promising applications of bulk nanostructured materials (BNM) in medicine are considered and discussed.

Abstract: Carbon composites have good mechanical properties and preserve the inherent excellent biocompatibility of carbon, which make them great potential as orthopedic implants in human body. The present work reviews the biocompatible behavior and research situation of such materials for medical application. The mechanical properties, interface and surface modification problem of carbon composites are discussed in detail. Finally, the medical prospects and some problems needed to be solved of carbon composites are put forward.

Abstract: The aim of this article is to describe the design strategy deployed in developing new bioabsorbable Mg–Y–Zn alloys. The development approach is based on a microalloying concept, which aims to restrict grain growth considerably during alloy casting and forming. We discuss the efficiency of the design approach, and evaluate the characteristics of the new alloys using metal-physical experiments, thermodynamic calculations, and TEM analysis. Our results show that after extrusion the alloys have very fine grains (<10m), exhibit high ductility (uniform elongation: 17–20%) at considerable strength (ultimate tensile strength: 250–270 MPa), and reveal the presence of finely distributed intermetallic particles, which are stable upon annealing. Due to an attractive combination of mechanical, electrochemical and biological properties, the new alloys are very promising not only for applications in medicine but also in other fields.

Abstract: This report presents main achievements of international R&D activities of the Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials of Ufa State Aviation Technical University (Ufa, Russia) with a special attention to the innovative potential of nanostructured metals and alloys produced by severe plastic deformation techniques. Several examples of the first promising applications of bulk nanostructured materials as well as potential competing technologies are considered and discussed.

Abstract: Shock waves are indispensable tools for medical applications, and hence their interactions with human tissue become one of the most important basic research topics. In this paper, the determination of shock Hugoniot curves for liquids that can model human tissue, namely water, castor oil, and aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, sucrose and gelatin, at 10 and 20 weight percent are presented. Underwater shock waves were generated by ignition of 10 mg silver azide pellets and time variations of over-pressures were measured and simultaneously the shock speed was measured by the time of flight technique. Then shock Hugoniot curves were obtained, by assuming the Tait type equation of state, to relate the estimated density and measured pressure values. Results show in the cases of aqueous solutions that increasing amount of additives into water causes only a very minute decrease in the compressibility of the solution. This difference was more pronounced in the case of sodium chloride, less for gelatin, and almost none for sucrose aqueous solution.

Abstract: The paper presents two cerium doped lutetium silicate crystals: pyrosilicate Ce:Lu2Si2O7 (LPS) and Ce: Lu2(1-x)Y2xSiO5 (LYSO). These two crystals exhibit the expected requirements for gamma detection: high density and high atomic number, high scintillation light yield, good energy resolution and fast response. LPS and LYSO crystals doped with cerium were grown by the Czochralski process. The crystal growth parameters were studied and optimized. Development of scintillators requires good understanding of the scintillation process. The location within the forbidden band gap of the localized lanthanide energy levels is analyzed by time resolved spectroscopy and thermoluminescence studies.

Abstract: NiTi shape memory alloy fiber-embedded denture-base-resin matrix smart composites were developed as a new denture base material for a “smart denture”, whose shape could be recovered simply by heating after fracture. Three types of fiber surface treatment were applied for the composites and their properties were evaluated by the fiber-pull-out test and bending test, and shape change after repair was examined. A high interface debonding strength increased the fracture strain but did not affect bending strength, and a low interface sliding strength minimized shape change after repair. These results indicate that the fiber-matrix interface with a strong bonding but easy sliding after debonding could improve the preciseness of “smart repair”.

Abstract: We have proposed a new technique for visualising trabecular architecture of spongy bone using ultrasound A-mode signals from a transducer of medical ultrasound system. The technique can be established by finding a method to distinguish between bone and bone marrow. Firstly, the A-mode signal intensity was fitted by the form, A=A0exp(-ax), where A, A0, a, and x represent echo intensity, initial value of echo, attenuation factor, and distance, respectively. Then the curve was moved slightly downward or upward by multiplying with the coefficient k (0.9~1.2), and it was used as an index line to distinguish between bone and bone marrow. To clarify the validity of the proposed technique, we examined bovine bone specimen and a spongy-shaped specimen made by ceramics. The pixel size for creating architecture was 0.2 (width) × 0.15 (depth) mm for bone marrow and 0.2 × 0.3 mm for bone substance, and the pixel size differs due to the difference in wave speeds. The visualisation technique was capable to create an image size of ~10 mm depths from the surface of cortical bone. We also tried to visualise the heel bone.