Papers by Keyword: Medical Applications

Abstract: The metals and metal oxides that are synthesized at the nanoscale have found a wide range of applications in a variety of fields including textile, food, automotive, cosmetic and pharmaceuticals. These nanoparticles (NPs) possess unique properties including surface area, shape, size, optical properties, low toxicity, huge band gap and high binding energy. As a simple, affordable, and secure material for human welfare, ZnO NPs are of particular importance among the other NPs, which possess exceptional thermal and chemical as well as distinctive optical properties. The green manufacturing technique of ZnO NPs using plant/herbage extract has been documented by various researchers over the past decade. But still, there is number of prevailing issues that prevent the large-scale production of NPs and subsequent applications. This article reviews the recent (2021 and 2022) literature on the simple, efficient, affordable and environmentally friendly green methods for bio-synthesis of Zinc salts such as zinc sulphate (ZnSO₄), zinc nitrate (Zn (NO₃)₂) and zinc acetate (Zn (CH₃CO₂)₂) using different plant/herbage extract which are collected from various locations. Zinc salts were utilized as a precursor in this method and phytochemicals presents in the plant extract reduces the zinc salt to zinc oxide and stabilize the NPs. Discussion has been done for characterization of synthesized ZnO NPs and also the activities including Anti-cancer, Anti-fungal, and Anti-bacteria.

Abstract: Biodegradability of magnesium alloys in physiological media is important for material use in implant manufacture industry. Two industrial Mg alloys ZQ71 and ZQ63 were investigated. Optical microscopy was used to put in evidence microstructure. The conclusions are correlated with obtained results after scanning electron microscopy investigations coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The evaluation of the hydrogen released rate was analyzed in laboratory made simulated body fluid (SBF) and Hanks’ solution at 37°C for 10 days. Different degradation rates are obtained, and it can be concluded that they depend on chemical composition of the alloys and on immersion time of the samples in different physiological solutions.

Abstract: Fermentation, a process traditionally known for the anaerobic conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol by yeast, now refers to an industrial process of manufacturing a wide variety of metabolites and biomaterials by using microorganisms or mammalian cells in a controlled culture environment. Fermentation can be performed in batch mode, continuous mode or in a combinatory, fed-batch mode, depending on the product of interest. Fermentation technology has long been known for the production of various medically important products such as antibiotics, solvents such as ethanol, intermediary compounds such as citric acid, probiotics such as yoghurt etc. New generation fermentation products include anti-viral drugs, therapeutic recombinant proteins and DNA, and monoclonal antibodies. Apart from the drugs, fermentation is also used for the commercial production of materials required for the development of diagnostic kits, drug delivery vehicles and medical devices. Fermentation technology remains at the heart of rapidly growing biopharmaceutical industry today, which is expected to expand even more in the days ahead, in parallel with the progress in novel, targeted drug discovery.

Abstract: Single point incremental forming (SPIF) belongs to the branch of incremental sheet forming processes that enables plastic deformation of blanks without resorting to any specific die or punch. The main characteristics of SPIF determine its appropriateness for producing small batches or single products, being the medical implants one of the key potential fields of application, due to the need of product customization to each patient. Customization is particularly important for obtaining preoperative implants because it allows a significant decrease in the overall surgery time in conjunction with a higher level of flexibility to ensure the required shapes. This results in an improved final product either in aesthetic as well as in functional terms.

Abstract: Soft X-ray Contact Microscopy (SXCM) of Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes wit typical length 800 μm and diameter 30 μm has been performed using the PALS laser source of wavelength λ = 1.314 μm and pulse duration τ (FWHM) = 400 ps. Pulsed soft X-rays were generated using molybdenum and gold targets with laser intensities I ≥ 1014 W/cm2. Images have been recorded on PMMA photo resists and analyzed using an atomic force microscope operating in contact mode. Cuticle features and several internal organs have been identified in the SXCM images including lateral field, cuticle annuli, pharynx, and hypodermal and neuronal cell nuclei.