Papers by Keyword: Microemulsion

Abstract: Progesterone (P4) is a neurosteroid hormone synthesized in both males and females, it is widely used in reproductive health and hormone replacement therapy. The aim of this study was to develop microemulsions (ME) and optimization of P4 microemulsion using a simplex lattice mixture design for enhancing the transdermal delivery of P4. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were generated to find the optimal ratio of the microemulsion constituents. The solubilities of P4 in different oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants were determined. The ME formulations of P4 were then prepared and optimized by simplex lattice mixture design. Each ME formulation was characterized for size, PDI, zeta potential, drug content, in vitro permeation study, and drug permeation in porcine skin. The result showed that the optimal ME formulation composed of 34.97 %w/w eugenol as the oil phase, 18.35 %w/w Labrasol^® as the surfactant, 36.69 %w/w ethanol as the cosurfactant, and 10.00% w/w water containing HPβCD (1.0 M). The optimized ME showed an appropriate size of about 178 ± 42 nm with a low polydispersity index (PDI) and almost neutral charge. The drug content of the optimized ME was about 19.9 ± 0.6 %w/w. The results of in vitro permeability showed that the optimized ME formulation was significantly higher than the drug suspension. Moreover, the P4 from the optimized ME was able to be deposited in the dermis (1.07 mg) at a higher extent than in the stratum corneum (0.65 mg). In conclusion, this study explored a formulation approach to improve the transdermal permeation of P4.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic antioxidant activity of microemulsion containing mixed Moringa oleifera seed oil and Perilla frutescens seed oils, compared with microemulsion of single oils. The novel microemulsions for the moringa, perilla, and mixed seed oils were formulated by mixing appropriate amount of surfactant, water, and oil phase. The formulation containing the maximum amount of oil which appeared transparent was further evaluated for particle size, size distribution, surface charge, pH, and rheological behavior. The in vitro antioxidant properties of microemulsions were investigated in comparison with essential oils. Cream containing microemulsion was prepared and its physical stability was investigated by heating-cooling cycles. The results showed that the maximum content of oil incorporated in microemulsion system was 12.5%. The mean droplet sizes of moringa, perilla, and mixed oil microemulsion were 159.33±0.77, 183.86±1.42, and 263.43± 9.40 nm, respectively. All formulations exhibited pseudoplastic flow behavior. The mixture of moringa and perila seed oils in microemulsion possessed the highest significant antioxidant effect against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl compared with single oil microemulsion. The cream containing microemulsion exhibited good physical stability. Thus, the current research reveals the benefits of microemulsion containing mixed moringa and perilla seed oils based cream compared with single essential oils.

Abstract: A series of oil in water (O/W) microemulsions were prepared through drop by drop method at constant temperature, taking Span80/Tween80 as a composite emulsifying system and Macol-52 as oil phase. Effects of the mass ratio of composite emulsifying system and oil/emulsifier ratio on the particle size were studied. Finally, the best technological conditions were selected and the stability of the microemulsion was also researched. Results showed that the most suitable Span80/Tween80 mass ratio was 1:1 and the oil/emulsifier ratio is 1:1. Under this condition, the mean particle size of the o/w microemulsion was 71.1 nm and the polydispersity index was 0.151. Moreover, the microemulsion maintain a bright and uniform stable system after 20minutes’ centrifugation at the speed of 4000r/min and the particle size increased slightly.

Abstract: In this study, astaxanthin (ASTA), with potential anti-tyrosinase and anti-melanin synthesis in melanoma cells (B₁₆F₁₀) was developed as a cosmetic ingredient in the form of microemulsions (MEs). The results showed that ASTA (1 mg/mL) had no toxic effects on melanoma cells and it exhibited high potential for reduction of tyrosinase and melanin content, representing 80.57% and 75.86%, respectively. However, the use of ASTA is limited due to its low stability resulting from its decomposition under light, heat, and oxygen. In order to overcome this drawback, ASTA was encapsulated within ME. ASTA-MEs, consisting of 0.5% w/w of ASTA, oil, surfactant and water, were prepared using titration method.The effect of IPM concentration into microemulsions were investigated at 10 % w/w (ASTA-ME1) and 20% w/w (ASTA-ME2). The physical stability after accelerated condition of all the formulations was also investigated. The results indicated that a thermodynamically stable of microemulsion could improve the physical stability of ASTA. Nonetheless, the oil concentration had a slight influence on the physical stability of ASTA-ME1 and ASTA-ME2. In conclusion, nanoencapsulation can improve the physical stability of pigment extract to be used as a cosmetic ingredient in skin brightening products.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop micromeulsion consisting of Carthamus tinctorius floret extract (CT) as an ingredient to inhibit 5α-reductase activity. CT was extracted using a simple maceration technique with ethanol and inhibition of 5α-reductase activities was determined. Solutions of 2% CT extract were loaded into four microemulsion (ME) formulas (F1, F2, F3 and F4) and investigated for their physical properties, skin permeation and stability. Results showed that crude CT extract had no toxic effects on DU145 cells at concentrations of 0.0001-1.0 mg/mL. For reduction of 5α-reductase activities, concentration of CT extract at 0.05 mg/mL exhibited highest 5-reductase type-1 inhibition activity on the DU-145 cell line at 89.96% of the control, higher than standard finasteride (31.39%) and dutasteride (38.58%). The results indicated that a thermodynamically stable microemulsion improved the stability and permeation rate of CT extract. Among the ME formula, F3 was most appropriate for ME formulation with highest permeation rate and good stability during 30 days of storage. Therefore, using nanotechnology for stable transdermal delivery systems of bioactive compounds from Thai medicinal plants is one approach to improve skin and hair follicle permeation.

Abstract: In the present article we report a study on using microemulsion contains triton 100 to clean the surface of the wall paintings in saint Jeremiah monastery in Saqqara (4^th century) , Being these systems mainly composed of water (more than 80% by weight), it is using in a poultice or when the microemulsion added to the nano gel to improve it's performance , Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy (FTIR),and The consolidation by nano lime dispersed in ethanol is used by brushing through Japanese paper and injecting the cracks.

Abstract: Peperomia pellucida (Piperaceae) of Thai name “Phak kra sang” is medicinal plant. They are eaten in a salad or as cooked vegetable for protected glaucoma, eye inflammation. Recently, The methanol fraction of P. pellucida was tested for antiamoebic effect. Acanthamoeba spp. are protozoa, free-living in the environment and feed on bacteria. Acanthamoeba spp. are the causative agents of Acanthamoeba keratitis. P. pellucida is medicinal plants, and was interesting for studied antiamobic. The separation by column chromatography (CC) used organic solvent of methanol and ethyl acetate (3:7) gave phytosteryl glycoside (PG). Acanthamoeba spp. was cultured in normal saline and PG is organic compound which was poor soluble in normal saline. This study was developed microemulsion (ME) of PG for effective of antiamoebic activity. Pseudo-ternary phase diagram used for identify ME region. The consisting of ME were dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Tween 20, water and PG. Formulations were prepared with prior mixture of DMSO: Tween20 (co-surfactant: surfactant) in four volume ratio 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 which is each of ratio of Smix. PG was concentrated in 200μg/ml in ethanol. Forming of colloids used Smix in ratios 3:1and 4:1.The stability of ME was ratio was PG: Smix water (1: 9: 4.5). The optimized ME formulation and characterized by zeta potential were found to be 121-397 nm, and conductivity-7.0 mV. Under light microscope ME was absorbed into the endocyst of Acanthamoeb spp., and detected the dead cysts by staining of toluidine blue. IC₅₀ showed 0.88 μg/ml for antiamoebic activity.

Abstract: In this research, several precursors were chosen to solve the drawbacks of using toxic and expensive chemicals in the synthesis of fibrous mesoporous silica particle via self-assembly process in microemulsion system. The synthesis of this emerging material normally is realized by using toxic cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) as common structure directing agent in conjunction with combined cyclohexane and n-pentanol as expensive solvent and co-solvent, respectively. Less toxic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) can be the replacement for CPB but the use of this surfactant may drastically reduce the surface area of the resulting product. Herein, we report that the use of CTAB with combined toluene and n-butanol as affordable solvents can be used to synthesize fibrous mesoporous silica particle with high surface area. The material was well characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N₂ adsorption/ desorption, X-ray difraction (XRD)and thermal gravimetry (TG). This material might be applied in potential applications such as catalysis, drug delivery and adsorption. Moreover, it can be used as a hard-template for fabricating another novel fibrous materials.

Abstract: In this work, iron oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized by precipitation in diethylene glycol, by cryochemical synthesis, in microemulsions using surfactants Triton X-100, Brij-35 and CTAB. Comparative spectroscopic, thermal, X-ray diffraction, ⁵⁷Fe zero-field Mössbauer and magnetic studies of the synthesized nanoparticles have been carried out. Magnetic fluids prepared from synthesized nanopowders have been characterized by calorimetric measurements of specific loss power (SLP).

Abstract: This study aimed to develop green microemulsions (MEs) for loading coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Decylglucoside, a surfactant in the group of alkyl polyglycosides (APG), was used in the formulations since it is biodegradable and non-ionic, leading to low toxic products and friendly properties to the environment. Two blank MEs, i.e., M1 and M2 were prepared by simple mixing dicaprylyl ether, decylglucoside, sorbotan monolaurate and water in the concentrations of 70%, 2.5%, 22.5% and 5%, respectively for M1 and 60%, 6%, 24% and 10%, respectively for M2. Afterwards, M1 and M2 were incorporated with 5% CoQ10 to obtained QM1 and QM2, respectively. All samples were studied for physicochemical properties and stability under accelerated condition. It was found that they were transparence and absence of liquid crystals. Their rheological profiles indicated low viscosity and Newtonian flow. After stability test by freeze thaw for 5 cycles, physicochemical properties of M1, M2, QM1 and QM2 were not obviously different from those at the initial. In addition, more than 97% of label amount of CoQ10 were found in both QM1 and QM2 after stability study. The results indicated that the investigated decylglucoside MEs were suitable systems for incorporation with CoQ10.