Papers by Keyword: Mud

Abstract: Sidoarjo mud contains potentially valuable minerals, the largest content of which is silica. Silica decomposition from Sidoarjo mud can be done by using alkaline fusion method. The purpose of this study is the recovery of silica from the Sidoarjo mud against variations in Na₂CO₃ alkaline fusion time. Stages Sidoarjo mud mass ratio Na₂CO₃ 1:3 is inserted into the furnace at a temperature of 700°C with a long alkaline fusion time of 1:1.5;2;2.5; and 3 hours. Based on the calculation results, the best % recovery occurred for 3 hours, which was 48.3%. It can be concluded that the alkaline fusion time can affect the silica decomposition of the Sidoarjo mud

Abstract: This research work shows how building construction material effects environment, it is based on the performance of ecofriendly (mud) and non-ecofriendly (concrete) materials on the similar residential buildings, located in the climate of Delhi, India. Comparative study of Mud and concrete has been performed. The analysis of each case study includes the calculation of annual carbon emission and energy use, was simulated by using Autodesk Revit software (version2015). As per result, it is clearly visible that by using ecofriendly material we are able to save 93% annual energy cost.

Abstract: Nanoparticles are used to study the rheological characteristics of drilling fluids. Nanoparticles have high surface to volume ratio, therefore only small quantity is required to blend in the drilling fluid. This research evaluates the performance of nanosilica and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as fluid loss additives in water based drilling fluid with various nanoparticles concentration and temperature. The results show that plastic viscosity, yield point and gel strength of drilling fluid increases as the concentration of nanoparticles increased. Drilling fluid with nanosilica gives the highest filtrate loss of 12 ml and mudcake thickness of 10 inch at 1 g concentration at 300°F. However, drilling fluid with MWCNT shows a decreasing trend in fluid loss and mudcake thickness. The results also show that xanthan gum containing 1 g of MWCNT gives 4.9 ml fluid loss and mudcake thickness of 4 inch at 200°F. After aging, plastic viscosity, yield point and gel strength of mud containing nanoparticles decrease significantly especially for 1 g of nanosilica and 0.01 g MWCNT. Fluid loss and mudcake thickness increased when the mud is exposed to temperature above 250°F. The results showed that xanthan gum with MWCNT gives a better rheological performance.

Abstract: Human has discovered a way to live in their houses to reduce the temperature in the hot areas, for example in the Libyan Desert houses has been built by natural material (mud). Looking for solutions in different kind of materials around use, it became in the first place of living. People in hot areas need protection from the sun, not just themselves but even their homes. The first step in design houses is materials. What kind of material we need Can we find the necessary requirements in the material Is it available and affordable Can it be used as heat insulation in hot climate All these questions are in our minds. Material has to be studied in a proper way. In the past few years resident build their homes using natural material. In the Libyan Desert we can find houses build by mud, the mud has been dug out from the salt oasis. This mud consists of organic element and salt, which can be used as heat insulation. So, the mean study here is how to development this natural material in to modern element And how can it be one of the important materials in materials science

Abstract: In order to study the feasibility of linear Multiple User Detection (MUD) used in multi-objective spread spectrum TT&C, mathematical models of Decorrelation Algorithm (DEC) and Minimum Mean Square Error Algorithm (MMSE) are built. Simulation framework based on Simulink is given. Two algorithms are compared with traditional single user detector. The results of simulation show the two linear MUDs are better than traditional single user detection.

Abstract: Humans realised the importance of housing since the dawn of history. The first man used the caves as shelter. When agricultural activities dominated the life style of humans, villages started to be constructed. Later these were developed into cities. The dawn of civilization started in Iraq. The inhabitants in that time used the available natural materials in their construction. Reviewing the progress of engineering practices of ancient Iraq, reveals the facts that the inhabitants were aware of the principles of construction and engineering. The materials used and the design of the buildings were very suitable from both environmental and engineering perspectives. This work is a critical review of the progress and development of engineering practices and construction materials used in ancient Mesopotamia

Abstract: Ultrasonic attenuation coefficient of media phase is an important parameter in process tomography by amplitude method. At normal temperature (25°C), the experiment adopts continuous pulse string with the frequency of 0.5 MHz to measure ultrasonic attenuation coefficient of mud (average particle size about 300µm; water content 17%; mud-sand ratio 1:9). By the formula α= (1 / Z) 20lg (P0 / PZ), the attenuation coefficient of mud is calculated to be about 4.26×10-1dBcm – 1.

Abstract: Two man-made wooden objects, called here a “boat” and an “outrigger”, were found above one another in 2004 and 2006 in Kuusamo, Finland. A layer of shore front mud and turf covered them entirely. With partial excavations, samples were taken for age determination and structural studies from both of the items. As measured by the radiocarbon method with a probability of 95.4 %, the items appear to be from periods 5480 – 5300 CalBC and 5025 – 4770 CalBC for the boat and the outrigger, respectively.