Papers by Keyword: Multiple Isothermal Forging

Abstract: It is shown that formation of ultrafine-grained structure in EK61 superalloy up to grain sizes less than 1 μm provides to realize superplastic properties. The influence of deformation in the temperature range 600-1100 °C and strain rate range 10^-4s^-1– 10^-3s^-1 on the microstructure and properties of ultrafine-grained nickel-based alloy EK61 is studied. It is established that in temperature range 750-900 °C the alloy demonstrates superplasticity (SP) characteristics: strain rate sensitivity factor “m” correspond to 0.39-0.59, stable structure and low changes in the form and size of grains. The maximum SP is displayed at temperatures of 800 °C, wherein the elongation is 1431 %. It has been experimentally confirmed that the use of low-temperature superplasticity is a promising for processing sound solid phase joints by pressure welding of similar and dissimilar Ni-based superalloys.

Abstract: Principles of fabrication of ultrafine grained bulk and sheet materials for superplastic deformation by the methods of multiple isothermal forging and warm rolling are formulated. New data on superplastic behaviour of commercial alloys, on diffusion bonding of similar and dissimilar materials, and superplastic forming of titanium alloys are presented. The recent application of the diffusion bonding and superplastic forming technology for the production of hollow blades is demonstrated.

Abstract: Nickel-iron Alloy 718 is widely used for fabricating parts by superplastic deformation. Refinement of grains down to a nanostructure (NS) size improves the alloy’s processing properties. Thermomechanical treatment has been carried out to form a NS state in bulk alloy by multiple isothermal forging (MIF) at gradually decreasing temperatures. Investigation of superplastic properties and processing behavior of Alloy 718 has been performed. The alloy with a grain size of 80 nm displays superplasticity (SP) at a temperature which is lower than for a conventional fine grained alloy by about 350°C. The values of the relative elongation  and the strain rate sensitivity coefficient m are 350% and 0.37, respectively. The experimental data on the influence of grain size on solid-state weldability in the range of SP have been obtained. The application of the effect of low temperature SP yields lower temperatures of superplastic forming (SPF) and pressure welding (PW) as compared with conventional SP of fine-grained material. The experiment of the combined process of SPF and PW by counter-forming of two polished sheets, demonstrates its low temperature processing feasibility using NS specimens. The SPF processing of NS sheets in a cylindrical die has been investigated. It has revealed that macro-deformation is uniform in cross and longitudinal sections. Mechanical properties of Alloy 718 in NS condition and after strengthening heat treatment have been discussed.

Abstract: This paper presents an overview and some original results about the mechanical properties and phase analysis of a nanostructured (NS) nickel-iron based alloy INCONEL 718. This structure was obtained by severe plastic deformation (SPD) via high pressure torsion (HPT) and multiple isothermal forging (MIF) of the alloy with an initial coarse-grained (CG) structure. Materials before and after SPD were analyzed by scanning, transmission electron microscopes and atom probe tomography (APT). Experimental data indicate that after HPT at room temperature - phase was partly dissolved and that precipitation of the -phase occurs during post deformation aging. A hardness up to 8 GPa was recorded for the NS alloy after SPD and annealing at 600°C.

Abstract: On the basis of generalization of research results obtained at the Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems, principles of fabrication of bulk ultrafine-grained and nanostructured materials by multiple isothermal forging are formulated. Multiple isothermal forging is shown to be a universal high-performance deformation technique for the grain refinement in metals and alloys maximally exploiting the potential of dynamic recrystallization.

Abstract: The present paper deals with the review of earlier studies and original investigation of microcrystalline (MC) and nanostructured (NS) nickel based INCONEL® alloy 718 processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD) via multiple isothermal forging (MIF). The alloy with a mean grain size of 1 µm - 80 nm has been studied in terms of its thermal stability, superplastic and mechanical properties. It was established that the NS state with the 80 nm grain size can be considered as thermally stable up to the temperature 600°C (0.56Tm). The increase of annealing temperature beyond 600°C causes static recrystallization. Investigations of mechanical properties at room temperature have shown that the decrease of a mean grain size provides the enhancement of strength and reduction of plasticity. Thus, the alloy with a grain size of 80 nm has shown the ultimate strength - 1920 MPa and ductility - 4.8%. Mechanical properties of the NS state of the alloy after annealing are discussed. It has been established that alloy 718 with a grain size of 80 nm displays superplasticity at 600°C and a strain rate of 1.510-4s-1. The values of relative elongation and strain rate sensitivity coefficient m are 350% and 0.37, respectively.

Abstract: Deformation methods of nanostructuring (DMNs) of materials are proposed to classify into severe plastic deformation (SPD) and mild plastic deformation (MPD) methods according to fundamentally different low- and high-temperature grain refinement mechanisms they exploit. A general analysis of the fundamentals and nanostructuring efficiency of three most developed DMNs, high pressure torsion (HPT), equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), and multiple isothermal forging (MIF) is done with a particular attention to ECAP and MIF. It is demonstrated that MIF is the most efficient method of DMNs allowing one to obtain the bulkiest nanostructured samples with enhanced mechanical properties.