Papers by Keyword: NOx

Abstract: The increasing price of the fuels and tightening of the pollution rules requires the use of some efficient fuelling methodes with altenative fuels for diesel engines. Fuelling with LPG of a diesel engine is a viable sollution, considering that it can be used the infrastructure for distribution and storage already used for spark ignition engines. In this work are presented results of theoretical and experimental investigations of a truck diesel engine fuelled with LPG by diesel-LPG methode. The main objective research is the decrease of the nitric oxides emissions with the premise that the engine power is maintained at the same level like in the case of the standard engine, fuelled only with diesel fuel.

Abstract: Vehicular pollution is one of the main reasons for air pollution in many cities. According to Industrial Environment Carbon, every gallon of gasoline produces 14% total volume of carbon dioxide, this will ultimately lead to air pollution and global warming [10]. To minimize the emission level, physical adsorption [4] can be used for the removal of organic molecule from exhaust gas stream by impulse collision. So our proposed system consists of a filter matrix bed, made of activated carbon, calcium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide [8,9]. Activated carbon is the most widely used adsorbent. It can adsorb a wide range of pollutants with varying dimensions by its broad pore distribution, micro and mesophores. Calcium group can naturally adsorb carbon component and get transformed into lime. Lithium hydroxide is widely used as carbon capturing material in space craft for adsorbing carbon dioxide exhaled by astronaut as a breathing scrubber. So collectively these three carbon sequestrating material can efficiently remove the pollutant by chemisorptions [2].

Abstract: Shortage in hydrocarbon fuel sources, energy preservation and future stringent emission regulations have been a formidable challenge to the most prominent Small and Medium Enterprise (SME ) in Malaysia especially in the burner system of boiler. Therefore, the alternative source of fuel is receiving a lot of attention especially in the application of renewable energy such as biodiesel fuel (BDF) and low quality fuel. The application of biodiesel in the burner system offer not only attractive and more economical fuel but also creates problems of higher toxic emission such as nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matters (PM). This review presents the current status of the several studies that had been carried out on the emission and performance characteristic of biodiesel burners burner in term of the specific fuel type that could be used, type of emissions such as NOx, CO, CO2 and others operating condition that can be used to optimize the performance of the biodiesel burner system and also comment the progress of it in some areas. Based on the review clearly indicated that this form of alternative fuel can be an attractive renewable alternative energy source for burner system.

Abstract: To explore NOx mitigation strategies in Chinese cement industry systematically, a material flow analysis was developed. The realistic output of cement production in China were identified and quantified. The inventory data of Chinese cement production were selected without denitration technology applications at that time. Then the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) results were calculated with the principal of ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 of Life Cycle Assessment. The impact categories of global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), photochemical oxidant formation potential (POCP), and human toxicity potential (HTP) were used to calculate environmental impact. The results showed that the NOx emission was the major environmental damages and the following was CO₂ emission. This argument disagreed with the view that CO₂ emission was the major contributor of environmental load. The reason is that the NOx emission is far over the international level due to few denitration technology applications. In the assumption of selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) technology applications, there is still large emission mitigation potential according to the target scenario analysis. The application of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology with higher deNOx efficiency and the roadmap of deNOx of Chinese cement industry were also discussed. The SNCR technology with the auxiliary of SCR development over the coming decades will be decisive for the roadmaps of Chinese cement industry to reach deeper NOx emission cuts.

Abstract: The environmental loads are made due to the natural resources and fossil fuels use and pollutants emissions by Chinese thermal power industry. To explore the realistic coal-fired power generation and its denitration strategies, the input and output of coal-fired power generation in China were identified and quantified. The scope of this paper is defined in the boundary of coal-fired electricity generation system all over China. The methodology follows the principal of ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. The functional unit is “1 kWh of electricity generated”. The inventory data of Chinese coal-fired power generation in 2009 without denitration technology applications were measured. The output data include the CO, N₂O, CH₄, CO₂, NOx, PM and SO₂ emissions. NOx emissions are the major contributor of acidification and photochemical in China. To avoid catastrophic environmental damages, the air pollution especially NOx emissions from coal-fired power plants are advised to be cut. For scenario analysis, in the assumption of 100%of selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) technology applications, China still has denitration potential. In the coming several decades, the SNCR technology will be decisive for the Chinese coal-fired power industry to reach deeper NOx emission reductions. However, the reduction agents of ammonia and urea usage bring ammonia slip, and extra natural resource and fossils consumption. The urea use also brings extra CO₂ emissions. This limits the applications of SNCR technology to reduce NOx emissions.

Abstract: In this paper, fuzzy control was applied in the technology of reducing NOx of vehicle exhaust. The calculation model of control system was obtained through theoretical derivation. The input and the output of the control system were obtained through bench test, and then established the control system table. Fulfilled the hardware installation and debugging of SCR system, DSPACE system, NOx sensor and engine system, and then the control system look-up table was be written in DSPACE /MATLAB system. It is proved that the application of fuzzy control in vehicle emission reduction is feasible through the processing and analysis of test data.

Abstract: Reburning technology has been developed to adopt various commercial combustion systems. Fuel lean reburning is an advanced reburning method to reduce NOx economically without using burnout air, however it is not easy to get high NOx reduction efficiency. In the fuel lean reburning system, the localized fuel rich eddies are used to establish partial fuel rich regions so that the NOx can react with hydrocarbon radical restrictively. In this paper, a new advanced reburning method which supplies reburn fuel with oscillatory motion is introduced to increase NOx reduction rate effectively. To clarify whether forced oscillating injection of reburn fuel can effectively reduce NOx emission, experimental tests were conducted in vertical combustion furnace. Experiments were performed in flames stabilized by a gas burner. The natural gas is used as both main and reburn fuel and total thermal input is about 40kW. The forced oscillating injection of reburn fuel is realized by electronic solenoid valve, so that fuel rich region and fuel lean region is established alternately. In the fuel rich region, NOx is converted to N₂ by reburning reaction, however unburned hydrocarbon and CO is oxidized in fuel lean zone and mixing zone at downstream where slightly fuel lean region is formed by mixing of two regions. The NOx reduction rate increases up to 41% by forced oscillating reburn motion. And this paper makes clear that in order to decrease NOx when oscillating reburn fuel injection system is adopted, the control of factors such as frequency and duty ratio is very important.

Abstract: In this paper, Fe²⁺、Mn²⁺、Zn²⁺、Al³⁺ were joined in the biological trickling filter circulation fluid. The result indicated that catalyzed oxidation and the biological methods simultaneously purified SO₂ and NOx of the flue, the flow amount of import gas was more obvious than the other SO₂ and NOx gas purification effect influence. The SO₂ and NOx purification mechanism of aqueous catalyzed oxidation and biological law was discussed.