Papers by Keyword: Nanocatalyst

Abstract: The amount of energy consumed is rising daily, which is swiftly depleting the availability of fossil fuels. Because fossil fuels release warming gases into the environment, they have several negative environmental consequences and contribute to global warming. To fulfill the growing demand for high-quality biodiesel, one practical solution is to employ metal: oxide nano-catalysts in transesterification of animal or vegetable oils. this review outlines into the prevalence of various metal oxide nanocatalysts, such as magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide, which have recently gained popularity as a means to accelerate the production of sustainable biodiesel. Converting typical metal oxide heterogeneous catalysts into nanoparticles enhances their surface configuration, porosity, crystallinity, chemical and thermal stability, and porosity. Metallic oxide nanocatalysts help make more biodiesel by lowering the reaction temperature and length and speeding up the transesterification reaction. Metal oxide nanoparticles assist in the production of biodiesel, which meets international standards and is of exceptional quality. As a result, the metal oxide nanocatalyst may be further optimized as a promising contender for the global energy business in the future.

Abstract: Red blood cells (RBCs) naturally delivery oxygen and kill pathogens through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from Fe-protoporphyrin component in hemoglobin, which might be also promising for cancer treatment in terms of relieving tumor hypoxia and inducing oxidative damage against cancer cells. However, the therapy efficacy is far from satisfactory due to the limited oxygen transport and ROS generation rate in tumor tissue. Herein, artificial RBCs (designated as FTP@RBCM) with radical storm production ability is developed for oncotherapy through multi-dimensional reactivity pathways of Fe-protoporphyrin based hybrid metal-organic framework (FTP, as the core), including photodynamic/chemodynamic (PDT/CDT)-like, catalase-like and glutathione (GSH) peroxidase-like activity. Meanwhile, owing to the advantages of reticuloendothelial system (RES) evasion and long circulation abilities of RBCs governed by their cell membranes (RBCMs), FTP with surface further coated with RBCMs (FTP@RBCM) could enormously accumulate at tumor site to achieve remarkably enhanced therapy efficiency.

Abstract: Production of ammonia required high capital energy intensive such as high temperatures (400 to 500 °C) and high pressure (15 to 30 MPa). We investigated a new way to produce green ammonia synthesis using new nanocatalyst and operate in room temperature and ambient pressure. The idea is to synthesize ammonia using Magnetic Induction Method (MIM) and Y₃Fe₅O₁₂ (YIG) as magnetic nanocatalyst. YIG was prepared by sol gel method and sintered at various temperatures 950 °C, 1050 °C, and 1150 °C. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) result shows that the major peak at [420] plane. The balance composition of YIG resulted by Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) is in the form of Y₃Fe₅O₁₂. Initial permeability results show, the highest value maximum permeability at 140 with the range of frequency 1Hz to100MHz obtained by 950 °C sample. The lowest value of relative loss factor obtained by 950 °C sample. YIG nanocatalyst and MIM method were successfully produce ammonia yield at 197 μmol, without MIM the yield was decreased by 14.28%.

Abstract: Cu nanoparticles on Al₂O₃ catalyst were prepared via impregnation method and two different activation conditions were examined. The morphology of the catalyst has been characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); while, the crystallography was determined by using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermal stability of the catalyst was analysed by using thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). Overall, from the XRD pattern, it was revealed that the nanoparticles Cu catalyst produced in air and nitrogen conditions is CuO and Cu active phase. At 400°C under air condition, the crystal size of CuO produced are in between 23.57 and 23.61 nm, while in nitrogen condition the crystal size was 30.24 to 30.31 nm. These results indicate that the size of the Cu nanoparticles catalyst produced under nitrogen flow was slightly bigger compared to air conditions. The results were further confirmed using SEM image in which catalyst activation under nitrogen flow has produced abundance microcrystal structure than under air condition. Meanwhile, the thermal stability of the nano-Cu catalyst shows that the both activation procedure was a single stage of thermal degradation at 260^°C.

Abstract: 5wt% Co deposited on a support catalyst Ce_0.75Zr_0.25O₂ mixed oxide were prepared by combination of microemulsion and deposition-precipitation method followed by calcinations at temperature 500°C. The microemulsion component comprise of cetyl trimetyl ammonium-bromide (CTAB), 1-butanol, n-octane and aqueous solution. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was used as precipitation precursor for the preparation of water-in-oil microemulsions method. The particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption-desorption analysis and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The results showed the preparation method has significant influences on the textural and structure properties of Co/Ce_0.75Zr_0.25O₂. The formation of Co/Ce_0.75Zr_0.25O₂ inhibit the better performance based on the particles size, specific surface area and particle distribution of cobalt into Ce_0.75Zr_0.25O₂.

Abstract: Two different vacuum thermal degradation processes of plastic wastes materials: Poly Propylene (PP) and Low Density Poly Ethylene (LDPE) were conducted with homemade thermal degradation setup. The two processes were used 1-bulk metal particles,2-metal oxides (Fe,Ni,Fe₂O₃,NiO) and 3-metal nanoparticles (Fe and Ni) as a catalysts supported on feldspar clay respectively. The experimental results for both processes shows the presence of different products like liquid, wax, gas, and carbon. Our characterization was focused on the liquid product. The produced liquid was characterized by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and Gas chromatography (GC) The octane number, cetane number, flash point, fire point, aniline point and some physical properties were also measured. The results indicated that the process with metal nanoparticles catalyst produces liquid much better properties compared to the other materials results used metal particles catalyst.

Abstract: V_0.3Mo_0.7O₃ and V_0.6Mo_0.4O₃ nanoparticles were synthesized through reducing acidified vanadate and molybdate solution at around 60-70°C. The catalysts are aimed to be used as anode in alkaline fuel cells. BET and SEM analysis are done to characterize the obtained particles. According to the SEM results, both compounds were formed in nanosized particles and BET results showed that BET surface area of V_0.3Mo_0.7O₃ catalyst has 5 times higher than that of V_0.6Mo_0.4O_3.

Abstract: A new route to substitute for the traditional two-step method for adipic acid production has been investigated. Supported nano metal catalysts Au/C and Co/C were prepared and used for liquid phase oxidation of cyclohexane to adipic acid with oxygen as an oxidant. These catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM and ICP-AES. The reactions were carried out in an autoclave with solvent and radical initiator at 373~423K and 1.5 MPa. Au/C (1.25%) was found to be a highly efficient catalyst for the oxidation of cyclohexane with a high conversion (44.93%) of cyclohexane and more than 54.85% selectivity to adipic acid. It is indicated that there was a potential application prospect for the nano-catalysts in one-step oxidation of cyclohexane to adipic acid.

Abstract: In petrochemical industry, and mainly in ethylene production plants, acetylene presents in trace amount in ethylene gas and causes a serous problems owing to it is higher activity and being explosive at certain concentration limits with air, so it has to be converted to ethylene in selective hydrogenation. Three selective hydrogenation nanocatalysts Pd/γ-Al2O3 that contain 0.03 %, 0.05% and 0.07 wt % of palladium loaded on activated alumina were prepared by impregnation method. They were characterized for physical and chemical properties and structurally by X-ray diffraction, metal dispersion, and transmission electron microscope.

Abstract: Ammonia production is a high energy and capital intensive industry as it requires high temperature (400500°C) and high pressure (150300 bar) for its daily operations. By introducing nanocatalyst with the new concept of micro-reactor with applied magnetic field induction, the catalytic activity can be induced and the output can be enhanced. Magneto-dynamics will be introduced in the ammonia production process in order to replace the concept of thermodynamics in the Haber Bosch process. The nanocatalysts (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂, Fe₂O₃, MnO, Mn_0.8Zn_0.2Fe₂O₄) have been reduced by using the temperature reduction method (TPR). The Y₃Fe₅O₁₂ (YIG) catalyst with magnetic induction produced242.56µmol/h.g-cat output of ammonia which is 2% much higher than ammonia synthesis without magnetic induction (237.52 µmol/g.h).The ammonia output based on the magnetic induction method at a temperature of 0°C is 242.56µmole/h.g-cat which is 0.90% higher than the synthesis at 25°C temperature (240.4 µmol/g.h). The ammonia output at 0.2Tesla is 249.04 µmole/h.g-cat which is higher 2.6% than the output at 0.1Tesla which is 242.56µmol/g.h. It is proven that the higher the applied magnetic field is, the more effective the catalytic activity will be as a better alignment of the electron spin of the catalyst occurs and enhances the adsorption and desorption process. Y₃Fe₅O₁₂ (YIG) shows the best catalytic reaction followed by Fe₂O₃ (hematite) and MnO (manganese oxide). By this new route, synthesis of ammonia at low temperature is realized and offers ammonia producers an economic advantage compared to the classical routes.