Papers by Keyword: Nanomaterial

Abstract: Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are widely used in many fields due to their properties such as low cost, easy synthesis, low toxicity, and biodegradability. The following study selected tropine and hydrated metal salts to synthesize a series of new deep eutectic solvents as catalysts for exploring the alcoholysis reaction of PET. Then the effects of the types of DES, catalyst composition, reaction time and temperature on the alcoholysis results of PET were investigated. Using a low melting solvent of tropine/zinc acetate with a molar ratio of 4:1 as a catalyst, a reaction time of 2 h, and temperature of 180°C, the conversion rate of PET was nearly 80%, and the yield of BHET was also 80%, which was further employed to prepare nano carbon dots through simple way.

Abstract: Nd³⁺ ion-doped ZnO nanomaterial was prepared using chemical synthesis method and its fluorescence spectra have been investigated at room temperature. From SEM images of the synthesized ZnO: Nd³⁺ nanoparticles it is observed that an increase in concentration of Nd³⁺ ions leading to the decrease in the particle size. Nearly hexagonal shapes for the dark spots in the SAED images indicate that the ZnO nanoparticles are almost hexagonal. The oscillator strengths leading to 4f ↔ 4f transitions are characterized by different Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ω_λ (λ = 2, 4 and 6). These Ω_λ parameters along with the fluorescence data and various radiative properties viz., spontaneous emission probability (A), radiative life time (t), fluorescence branching ratio (b) and stimulated emission cross-section (s_p) were evaluated and compared with the reported values. The values of these parameters indicate that the observed transitions ⁴F_3/2 → ⁴I_11/2, ⁴F_3/2 → ⁴I_13/2 and ⁴F_3/2 → ⁴I_15/2 can be considered to be good laser transitions in the near infrared region for different optoelectronic and spintronic uses.

Abstract: The development of new materials for various fields of science and technology has always been an important and priority task for scientists around the world. Recently, more and more interest in the creation of new materials has been drawn to compounds based on the perovskite phase with the general formula ABO₃. The ability of the perovskite structure to adapt to different combinations of chemical elements leads to the possibility of creating new materials with different physical and chemical characteristics. In the present study, an ordered phase with a LaLuO₃ perovskite-type structure was synthesized using the mechanosynthesis technique. The obtained material was sintered by spark plasma sintering. It was found that the formation of an ordered phase with a perovskite-type structure occurs directly during spark plasma sintering. A dense (99.7%) single-phase sample with a LaLuO₃ perovskite-type structure was obtained. Despite the rather high density of the obtained sample (99.7%), it remains translucent for a number of reasons: the obtained sample is characterized by randomly oriented grains, which creates additional optical scattering.

Abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is a widely synthesized nanomaterial used for various applications. The present report deals with the synthesis and characterization of Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized by a sol–gel method using aqueous solutions of titanium isopropoxide, isopropanol, ethanol, nitric acid, and deionized water. The precursor solutions were prepared by the addition of titanium isopropoxide and isopropanol with an increase in temperature and isopropanol with nitric acid and deionized water with continuous stirring in a magnetic stirrer. The formed gel was further kept for drying in a hot air oven at a certain temperature for one hour and kept in the open for one day. The dried gel was further put for calcination in a hot air oven and muffled furnaces. The calcined powders were further crushed and ground using mortar and pestle. Multiple iterations of this synthesis were carried out with variations in the amount of precursors used, the chemical used, and submission to heat treatment. The resulting powders were then subjected to Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDS) to understand the chemical characterization of the sample.

Abstract: This paper will present the advantages of developing the 3D printing process of nanomaterials in different fields such as electronics, biomedical and bioelectronics. As it is already known, nanomaterials are starting to become more and more useful, and more emphasis is being put on the development of new technologies to enable the use of these materials. Nanomaterials consist mainly of chemical substances made up from very small particles that are no larger than a hundred nanometers. These materials occur in nature, they can be an accidental product of human activity, or they can be consciously made to develop new characteristics such as strength, chemical reactivity or increased conductivity compared to the same material that does not display nanometric characteristics. By integrating nanomaterials to 3D printing technology, it is possible to create unique structures, which are difficult to achieve. Nanomaterials can possibly work on personal satisfaction and add to the advancement of European industry. However, new materials can also pose health and environmental risks. Scientific research has turned its attention to the potential outcomes of the production and application of nanomaterials. Meanwhile, the newest method for 3D printing of nanomaterials is Multiphase Direct Ink Writing (MDIW), a method developed from Direct Ink Writing (DIW), a revolutionary additive manufacturing mechanism with wide applications in structural engineering systems, thermal isolation, electrical conductivity, optical reflectivity, and biomedical scaffolds.

Abstract: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) were successfully synthesized from aloe vera extract and zinc sulphate as zinc precursor. Characterizations of the ZnO-NP were performed using UV–Vis spectrophotometer, XRD, FESEM and TEM analysis. The absorption peak from UV–Vis was at 380 nm while the XRD diagram displays high purity ZnO-NP. FESEM and TEM analysis showed agglomerated particles with a wide size distribution range. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) pathotype 0.0 generated a product with the size of 230 bp similar to in silico PCR results, verifying the pathotype on molecular level. Subsequently, the antimicrobial activities of the ZnO-NP against Xoo pathotype 0.0 were assessed. Xoo (10⁸ cfu/ml) were grown in LB broth supplemented with various concentrations of ZnO-NP. Collection of samples were done at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours of incubation, grown on LB agar and observed for bacterial growth. Colony forming unit (cfu/ml) values revealed the number of viable cells decreased with high concentrations of ZnO-NP whereas minimal inhibition was observed at lower ZnO-NP concentrations. At lower bacteria cfu/ml (10³ cfu/ml), it was found that at 24 hours incubation, ZnO-NP gave comparable antibacterial effects to commercial ZnO-NP and commercial non-nanoZnO after exposure for 1 hour. However, the antimicrobial effects decreased after 48 hours. It was also noted that the ZnO-NP provide better suppression of bacterial growth at lower bacterial concentration.

Abstract: MXene is a recently emerged two dimensional (2D) layered materials, a novel series of transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides were established by a group of scientists from Drexel University in 2011. Multi-layered MXene nanomaterials have been synthesized using different wet chemistry etching approaches. To date, around twenty different types of MXenes are synthesized using different wet chemistry etching techniques. To ensure reproducibility of the MXene, advanced characterizations in terms of morphology, structure as well as elemental compositions of the MXene flakes are conducted. MXenes nanosheets possess a significant thermo-electrical conductivity, reasonable band gap and high intrinsic carrier mobilities. The family materials of the MXenes have high potential for making energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors as well as several many other implications such as electromagnetic interference shielding and capacitive desalination. MXenes are the potential candidates for hydrogen storage due to the interactive nature of hydrogen and these layered-structure materials. MXenes in biomedical applications were proven as valuable materials due to the tunable physiochemical properties into new distinct structures which is difficult to be manipulated in bulk materials. Besides, MXenes possess suitability of functionalization for tuning the various required properties for the specific properties. The many potential properties of MXene have disclosed new possibility to address the current need of higher efficiency materials for different applications.

Abstract: This paper reviews the functionalization of nanomaterial especially nanoclay and nanosilica as commonly used material, process, and effect from both material to mechanical properties of the asphalt pavement. On the other sight, discussion about laboratories scale development on road site of engineer application and cost of nanomaterial functionalization are discussed then. In recent years, nanomaterial developed broadly in various applications. One of that application is asphalt pavement mixtures. Its nanoscale allow modification with its promise properties like specific surface area and spatial confinement. These promising properties lead to improve mechanical properties of nanomaterial asphalt mixture, the compressive strengths and heat resistance of the composite, the tear, and also shows good dispersion. Nanosilica and nanoclay are the common nanomaterial applied in asphalt pavement mixtures. Some studies reported that both materials could decrease asphalt road damage and failure due to poor drainage, or layer composition weakness. Nanomaterial play as filler or may be as the binder to improve the drainage or layer composition weakness. However, upcoming challenge appears as contrast different between nanoscale of nanomaterial and large scale of asphalt mixture in ton. This case lead to the high cost of nanomaterial in high purity and particle size. Furthermore, nanomaterial require to high skilled technician in preparation and modification. Therefore, engineer should modify the desired nanomaterial in those requirements which then low-cost mixture asphalt pavement modification can be achieved.

Abstract: The article discusses the problem of increasing the strength of concrete through the use of a suspension based on nanomodified additives with boehmite, graphene and carbon nanotubes. The lack of high performance and efficient dispersion methods limits the possibilities for nanomodification of building materials. Therefore, the research topic associated with assessing the possibility of developing means and methods for dispersing hydrocomposites containing nanoparticles is relevant. The suspensions were treated with ultra-jet treatment. Nano-containing suspensions were studied using a Microtrac Bluewave laser particle size analyzer. The analysis results were the average particle sizes in terms of quantitative and volumetric distributions, as well as the minimum recorded particle size in the samples. The results of compressive strength tests of a batch of concrete samples are presented. It is shown that the use of nanomodified additives leads to an increase in concrete strength.

Abstract: The traditional mouth cover masks can be made by hand. But with the arrival of the Coronavirus pandemic, these masks have special requirements and we will have to use these until at least 2022. Therefore, the current technological problem is what must be the appropriate filter nanomaterial (cuprum, zinc, zeolite or Allophane) to absorb and/or destroy coronaviruses. In addition, the preparation of this specific purpose mask must be certified, easy to manufacture and inexpensive. Taking these requirements into account, there is a suitable nanomaterial called Allophane, which has active centers of silicon and aluminum (Si / Al), which rapidly absorb micro droplets and nanodrops of water [3, 5] nm. Coronaviruses are microscopically embedded in water droplets. To build an absorbent filter that also destroys coronaviruses, we can use some organic surfactant in optimal proportions and that works cooperatively with Allophane. The physicochemical properties of natural Allophane were studied. For the characterization, analytical techniques were used: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), BET surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Chemisorption and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). In addition, the Navier Stokes 3D equations were studied, which allow us studying molecular dynamics contributing substantively to chemical kinetics describing the process of absorption of water and decomposition of water + coronavirus.