Papers by Keyword: Nanotechnology

Abstract: Pure and silver-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized via phyto-mediation using Stachytarpheta jamaicensis leaf extract to develop an eco-friendly method for synthesizing nanoparticles with enhanced properties. Zinc nitrate and silver nitrate were employed as precursors for ZnO and Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles, respectively. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to investigate their optical and morphological properties. Results revealed that the absorption peaks of the synthesized nanoparticles confirmed the formation of nanoparticles, with Ag doping causing a red shift in the absorption spectrum. SEM images indicated a spherical morphology, with slight agglomeration in the doped samples. Doping with silver enhanced the optical properties, which could have potential applications in catalysis, sensing, and biomedical fields. Furthermore, the nanoparticle extracts were subjected to antimicrobial test against two bacterial strains (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) using a modified disk diffusion method and compared with the antibacterial effect with the standard antibacterial drug, Ampicillin. Ampicillin only showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and had no antibacterial effect on E. Coli. Result of this study showed that the 5% and 10% Ag-doped ZnO NPs showed strong antibacterial activity against both gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli) bacterial strains.

Abstract: Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods are increasingly essential as traditional extraction techniques face declining efficiency and mounting environmental concerns. Nanotechnology offers a promising approach by integrating engineered nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide, and metal oxide nanoparticles to improve oil displacement. This study evaluates the role of nanomaterials in modifying wettability, reducing interfacial tension, and enhancing mobility control in reservoirs. Experimental results show that optimized CNT concentrations increase oil recovery by up to 18%, while graphene oxide achieves a 22% enhancement. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with nanoEOR enables real-time optimization of nanofluid deployment. Despite notable progress, challenges such as nanoparticle stability, economic feasibility, and environmental impact remain. Addressing these challenges through advanced synthesis methods, scalable nanofluid production, and AI-driven predictive modeling will accelerate the commercialization of nanoEOR technologies, facilitating more sustainable and efficient oil extraction.

Abstract: The article provides information about the history of heterogeneous catalysis development. The new aerosol nanocatalysis technology is shown as perspective world nanotechnology. It took up to 20 years to fully understand the technology of aerosol nanocatalysis based on the experimental results obtained. This technology became known to the world from 1996 to the present. The article contains the history of the development of catalysis and technology of aerosol nanocatalysis. The results of research on aerosol nanocatalysis technology were monitored, taking into account its application in industry. Aerosol nanocatalysis technology has been proven successful for environmentally chemical transformations. Industrial and household waste disposal processes using this technology can be called waste-free. The article analyzes the main principles of aerosol nanocatalysis technology and traditional heterogeneous catalysis. The main technological parameters of aerosol nanocatalysis technology are considered. A study of chemical transformations using the technology of aerosol nanocatalysis in a fluidized and vibrating bed was carried out. A SWOT analysis was conducted comparing the technologies of traditional heterogeneous catalysis and aerosol nanocatalysis. Aerosol nanocatalysis technology is promising for the chemical, oil refining and other industries. The ecological condition of industrial and household waste processing technology is considered resource-saving. Aerosol nanocatalysis technology has no analogues in the world. The technological scheme of aerosol nanocatalysis technology is simple. It has been established that this scheme can be applied both for stationary and mobile installations. It has been found that aerosol nanocatalysis technology can transform chemical substances with any aggregate state.

Abstract: The integration of infrared nanoantenna technology into architectural design presents a novel approach to enhancing buildings’ energy efficiency by converting ambient electromagnetic radiation, particularly in the infrared spectrum, into usable electrical power. This technology offers significant potential to reduce buildings’ reliance on external power sources, contributing to a more sustainable energy ecosystem. The development of advanced nanotechnology, metamaterials, and responsive coatings is essential for creating adaptive surfaces capable of capturing and utilizing radiant energy. Given the increasing global energy demand and the urgency to combat climate change, infrared nanoantennas represent a promising frontier in renewable energy harvesting. This paper provides a detailed examination of recent advancements in nanoantenna technology, fabrication methods, and integration strategies within building materials. Furthermore, it addresses the practical challenges of implementing these systems in architectural design, offering insights into how this emerging technology could contribute to the development of self-sustaining, energy-efficient structures.

Abstract: The paper delves into various aspects of nanotechnology in mechanical engineering, including the fabrication of nanomaterials and advanced manufacturing techniques. Nanomanufacturing methods offer unprecedented precision and control, enhancing efficiency and performance across industries. From nanoscale manipulation to intricate structure fabrication, nanotechnology is transforming manufacturing processes profoundly. Furthermore, the paper explores the applications of nanotechnology in nano mechanics and nanotribology, elucidating how it enables us to understand and manipulate mechanical behaviours at the nanoscale. Additionally, it discusses the role of nanotechnology in energy systems, where nanomaterials contribute to improved energy storage and conversion efficiency. Beyond traditional mechanical engineering, nanotechnology finds applications in biomechanics, shaping advancements in healthcare through innovative biomedical devices and materials. The interdisciplinary nature of nanotechnology is evident in its potential to address global challenges, such as environmental remediation, by developing nanomaterials for water purification, air filtration, and soil remediation. Looking ahead, the paper discusses future directions for nanotechnology in mechanical engineering, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, ethical considerations, and responsible governance. It highlights the potential for transformative breakthroughs in medicine, energy systems, and materials science, guided by ongoing research and innovation. In conclusion, nanotechnology is poised to reshape the landscape of mechanical engineering, offering unprecedented possibilities for efficiency, sustainability, and technological advancement. Through careful exploration and application, nanotechnology holds the promise of addressing societal needs while pushing the boundaries of what is possible in mechanical engineering.

Abstract: The oil and gas sector faces challenges in optimizing oil recovery from reservoirs due to trapped oil due to interfacial tension and surface forces. Characterizing anisotropic dielectric properties is crucial. The petroleum business is quickly changing, and a massive advancement in the application of nanotechnology in this field is envisaged. Because magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are solid, tiny, and adsorb at the oil-water interface, they might be helpful. The interaction of MNP with electromagnetic waves appears to be capable of altering interfacial tension, which will boost oil recovery. The interaction of an oscillating B-field of electromagnetic waves with magnetic domains causes energy dissipation due to a shift in magnetic anisotropy from the easy axis of magnetization. The use of anisotropy energy in mobilizing oil in a porous media has recently been investigated. BaTiO₃ nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized for this purpose, and their influence on oil mobility under electromagnetic waves (EM) was studied. The anisotropy energy was computed and determined to be 7.34kJ/mol. Under EM, the easy axis magnetization of BaTiO₃ nanoparticles oscillates and changes direction continually, facilitating oil mobilization in the porous media. The EM findings for reducing interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and water ranged from 4.5mN/m to 0.89mN/m. Under EM, it was discovered that BaTiO₃ nanoparticles might lower IFT by roughly 60%. The IFT must be small enough to allow oil flow during mobilization. The simulation findings demonstrate that the adsorption energy of n-hexane on the surface of hematite has a 47.9% lower energy value than water. With a 115.4% percentage difference, the stress autocorrelation function of n-hexane with hematite is greater than that of water.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanostructures made from rolled graphene planes and have several intriguing chemical and physical characteristics. Allotropes of carbon having a nanostructure that can have a length-to-diameter ratio greater than 1,000,000 are known as carbon nanotubes (CNTs). These cylindrical carbon molecules have unique features that could make them valuable in a variety of nanotechnology applications. Their distinct surface area, stiffness, strength, and durability have generated a significant amount of interest in the health industry to achieve bio-functionalities, CNTs can be connected with a variety of biological substances, such as hormones, proteins, and nucleic acids. There are two types of CNTs: single-walled (SWNTs) and multi-walled (MWNTs). Their high aspect ratio, ultralightweight, strength, strong thermal conductivity, and electrical properties ranging from metallic to semiconducting are just a few of their intriguing characteristics. Drug delivery, blood cancer, breast cancer, brain cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, immunological treatment, biomedical imaging, biosensors, and tissue engineering are all areas where CNTs are beneficial, and the toxicology of carbon nanotubes is also discussed here.

Abstract: Nanotechnology has an ever-growing interest due to their utilizations in various platforms of science. With their unique features in structures and morphology, they have dominated the arena of research and development. In this review, we have delt with applications of nanomaterials as both photocatalytic and biological functions. The raising concerns pertaining to diseases and infections worldwide, our work was intended to review nanoparticles which could potentially target such problems. To study the preparations of nanoparticles both by chemical and biological methods. We have also observed for bactericidal ability against pathogenic organisms and found to be effective in controlling the growth of such microbes. Further as per the survey they were also found to have the ability to scavenge certain oxidants like DPPH, ABTS and NO etc. Keywords: Nanotechnology, antioxidant ability, antibacterial capacity, biocatalysis

Abstract: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles were synthesized via sol–gel method to produce uniform size nanoparticles using n-Octadecyl-trimethoxy silane which gives a good dispersion of silica nanoparticles in hydrophobic mediums. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption tests were used to thoroughly investigate the nanocomposites' morphology and structure. BET results show a high surface are of 760 m²/g and specific high pore size (30Ȧ) and pore volume (0.336 cm³/g). The SEM results present that the mesoporous silica nanoparticles possess a well dispersed and uniform particle morphology and FTIR interpenetrating the well-prepared silica nanoparticles which possess Si-O-Si and Si-O bond. The XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous nature silica nanoparticles. The electrochemical properties of silica nanoparticles were evaluated in a potassium chloride solution. With the advantages of a large specific surface area and a suitable pore size distribution, a pair of broad and symmetric redox peaks centred at -0.15 V and 0.6 V appears. Mesoporous silica with a large effective specific surface area demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance, making them excellent candidates for supercapacitors and fuel cells.

Abstract: There are many studies that detail how hazardous pesticides are to aquatic life, plants, animals, and humans, but there are fewer that describe how pesticides are treated during a separate treatment procedure. This study, which examines the removal of the highly toxic pesticide "heptachlor epoxide", is crucial to achieving SDG 6. Under operational circumstances, the prepared green nanoiron was successfully synthesized and characterized for the removal of heptachlor epoxide from aqueous solutions. For starting heptachlor epoxide concentrations of 100 and 10 μg/L at neutral medium pH 7, 0.8 g/L of green nZVI for 80 min, and a 200 RPM stirring rate, the removal efficiency varied between 55 and 100%, respectively. The RSM results indicated that the model R² was 94.6%, and all operating conditions were significant to describe the removal efficiency with a p-value <0.05. The linear regression histogram indicated that the variation between expected and experimental removal efficiency ranged between (-1, 1%). The ANNs results by using MLP with network 6-3-1 indicated that nZVI was able to reduce heptachlor epoxide concentrations with a Sum of Squares Error of 0.052 for training and 0.177 for testing. Also, the ANNs described the importance of operating conditions and indicated that the most effective operating conditions were dose and less important was stirring rate, showing agreement with the obtained RSM results. Finally, this paper recommended using nZVI for heptachlor epoxide removal. Keywords Environmental toxicology; climate action; SDG 6; nanotechnology; pesticide removal; Heptachlor epoxide.