Papers by Keyword: Nanotechnology

Abstract: Oil and Gas industry is going through a phase where there is an increased demand of energy sources (particularly oil and gas) and reduced production due to mature oilfields. There is a need for new technologies which can help improve production from the reservoir and develop new fields. Nanotechnology offers promising solution for the same. Nanotechnology is the study of science of materials at nanoscale which help in enhancing the performance of processes. Nanoparticles are the nanosized materials in the range of 1-100 nm. Nanoparticles have high specific surface area and unique properties, such as high adsorption potential and heat conductivity. These particles when mixed with base fluids, also called as nanofluids, and used for several application related to upstream oil and gas industry, help improve the performance of several processes. The use of nanoparticle in exploration and production is an attractive tool for petroleum engineers that have been improved by many researchers in recent years. This paper discusses about how the nanotechnology plays an important role in an upstream oil and gas industry which includes exploration, drilling, and completion, production and enhanced oil recovery operation.

Abstract: Nanotechnology has heralded the advent of next major techno-paradigm shift that will have pervasive impacts on a wide-range of high-tech sectors. International collaboration will exert important influences over the development of nanotechnology. Patents encompass valuable technological information and collaborative efforts. Therefore, this paper studies international collaboration of nanotechnology from the perspective of patent analysis. The results show that encouraged by the rapid development and ardent enthusiasm for nanotechnology globally, internationally collaborative nanotechnology patents grow steadily. The share of internationally collaborative patents in the world increases from 3.70% in 1991 to 6.52% in 2010. Among the top 20 countries/regions owning nanotechnology patents, the U.S. has the largest number of patents and internationally collaborative patents. However, the share of internationally collaborative patents in the whole U.S. patents is relatively low, which is below 10%. Such is also the case in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. In the other countries, the domestic share of internationally collaborative patents varies, ranging from less than 20% to more than 50%. The highest domestic share of internationally collaborative patents (56.1%) is found in Russia. International collaboration in the field of nanotechnology has yet found globally significant in terms of patent quantity, it does nevertheless play an active role in the improvement of citation impacts of nanotechnology patents for most of the top 20 countries, especially China.

Abstract: The necessity of anti-counterfeiting packaging and the concept of nanometer anti-counterfeiting technology to explore the application of nanotechnology in the anti-counterfeiting packaging have been briefly described in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of nanotechnology in anti-counterfeiting material, in anti-counterfeiting inks, in information encryption are compared by analyzing the principles, characteristic and typical cases. In the end, summarizing the superiority and the issues should be resolved in the application of nanotechnology in anti-counterfeiting packaging to show the prospects.

Abstract: The paper presents the results of research aimed at development of nanomodified high-strength lightweight concrete for construction. The developed concretes are of low average density and high ultimate compressive strength. It is shown that to produce this type of concrete one need to use hollow glass and aluminosilicate microspheres. To increase the durability of adhesion between cement stone and fine filler the authors offer to use complex nanodimensional modifier based on iron hydroxide sol and silica sol as a surface nanomodifier for hollow microspheres. It is hypothesized that the proposed modifier has complex effect on the activity of the cement hydration and, at the same time increases bond strength between filler and cement-mineral matrix. The compositions for energy-efficient nanomodified high-strength lightweight concrete which density is 1300...1500 kg/m3 and compressive strength is 40...70 MPa have been developed. The approaches to the design of high-strength lightweight concrete with density of less than 2000 kg/m³ are formulated. It is noted that the proposed concretes possess dense homogeneous structure and moderate mobility. Thus, they allow processing by vibration during production. The economic and practical implications for realization of high-strength lightweight concrete in industrial production (in particular, for construction of high-rise buildings) have been justified. The results of industrial testing of new compositions in precast concrete technology are shown.

Abstract: The material damages in aerospace industry caused by correction can be detected in many different products including welded and bolted areas in aircraft and jet engines. The corrosion occurs when different conducted materials contact to each other in electrolyte media and different conducted materials present potential difference that causes rusting. The rusting problems in products lead both safety issues and billions of dollar loss in different businesses including aerospace industry. This paper studies the rusting mechanism and anti-corrosive coatings by applying computational simulation and prototype experiment. Both computer-aided analysis and sample testing demonstrated similar results which confirm the feasibility of analytic methodology introduced in this research paper.

Abstract: Colloidal gold or also known as gold nanoparticle (AuNP) is a suspension of sub-nanometer-sized particle of gold in a fluid usually water. The synthesized AuNP have particle sizes ranging from, e.g. 10 nm to 100 nm with color changing from an intense red color (for particle less than 100 nm) to a dirty yellowish color (for larger particle). The size of AuNP determines their unique optic, electronic and magnetic properties. AuNP nowadays has widely used in material science [ and biomedical [2,. For many of this application, the AuNP need to be monodispersed and have a specific size. Generally, colloidal AuNP can be synthesis as monodispersed nanoparticles with core sizes ranging from 1nm to 250nm. The synthesis of AuNP can be controlled in different size and shapes due to their ability to react and agglomerate with other nanoparticles in their ambient condition [. Furthermore, AuNP can also becomes more prone to flocculation and aggregation [. As the size of colloidal AuNP increase so do their sensitivity to salt and environment. AuNP have increasingly gain interest due to their unique properties ofcontrolable morphology [ and size dispersion [6,, less toxicity and ease in synthesis and detection.

Abstract: Nanoparticles are the cutting edge of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology, which enables visualization and manipulation of matter down to the atomic level. Their unique size to volume ratio, shape and thermal stability make these materials superior, and rapidly usable in various bio-medical applications. This brief review summarize the recent advances in the field of applied nanomaterials with an emphasis in designing nanoscale devices with pre-defined structure, and their potential applications in the field of biology and medicine.

Abstract: Nanomedicine is a relatively new field of science and technology. By interacting with biomolecules, therefore at nanoscale, nanotechnology opens up a vast field of research and application. Current and potential applications of nanotechnology in medicine range from research involving diagnostic devices, drug delivery vehicles to enhanced gene therapy and tissue engineering procedures. Its advantage over conventional medicine lies on its size. Operating at nanoscale allows to exploit physical properties different from those observed at microscale such as the volume/surface ratio. This allows drugs of nanosize be used in lower concentration and has an earlier onset of therapeutic action. It also provides materials for controlled drug delivery by directing carriers to a specific location. Inorganic nanomedicine is likely to remain one of the most prolific fields of nanomedicine, which refers to the use of inorganic or hybrid (inorganic-inorganic or inorganic-organic) nanomaterials (INMs) and nanoparticles (INPs) to achieve innovative medical advances for body parts implantation, drug and gene discovery and delivery, discovery of biomarkers, and molecular diagnostics. Among the most promising INMs being developed are metal, silica, dendrimers, organic-inorganic hybrids, ceramics (e.g. ZrO₂, TiO₂, Al₂O₃, etc.) and bioinorganic hybrids. Metal NP contrast agents enhance magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound results in biomedical applications of in vivo imaging. Hollow and porous INMs have been exploited for drug and gene delivery, diagnostic imaging, and photothermal therapy. Biomolecular inorganic nanohybrids and nanostructured biomaterials have been exploited for targeted imaging and therapy, drug and gene delivery, and regenerative medicine. Potential uses for fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) include cell labeling, biosensing, in vivo imaging, bimodal magnetic-luminescent imaging, and diagnostics. Biocompatible QD conjugates have been used successfully for sentinel lymph node mapping, tumor targeting, tumor angiogenesis imaging, and metastasis cell tracking. This article outlines present developments and future prospects for the use of Ti-based NPs and NMs in experimental in vivo and in vitro studies and in engineering nanodevices and biosensors for clinical and investigative use in diagnosis and therapy in diverse fields of medical sciences, such as oncology, infection control, orthopedics, dentistry, dermatology, genetics, cardiology, ophthalmology, etc. Toxicological considerations of these INPs and INMs are also discussed.

Abstract: The aim of the paper is an attempt to prepare draft about the matrix: drivers and research area in the C-PC with an intension to identify future research needs and priorities with relevance to C-PC development. The approach adopted in the paper is limited to the two terms: “drivers” and “research area”. Drivers have been selected to the research areas defined on the base of the 14^th ICPIC which reflect general scope of the C-PC domain. However, the identification and prioritization is not yet precise and do not define the result but try to establish the starting point. The purpose is that the paper is going to be used as a catalyst to guide discussion among the members of the C-PC community and to maximise the output in C-PC.

Abstract: Sustainable development as the leading civilization idea, and nanotechnology as the contemporary wave of technology significantly affecting the society, are brought together in this paper. A brief history of sustainability implementation from the start concept until European Construction Product Regulation is presented. The extended definitions of sustainable construction and sustainable material are analysed with adequate conclusions towards Concrete. The category of Exergy is implemented as a measure for “natural environmentally-friendly” meaning. The generalised concrete development curve is presented with discussion of Well Defined Concrete Performance. The statement that the sustainability is necessity for concrete and the nanotechnology is the chance for the future of concrete polymer composite is the final conclusion of the paper.