Papers by Keyword: Ni-W

Abstract: Bulk nanocrystalline Ni–W alloys were electrodeposited from a sulfamate bath that contained saccharin sodium as a gloss agent, and propionic acid and sodium gluconate as a complexing agent (SPG bath) to understand the tensile behavior. SPG bath with 1.0 and 5.0 g/L saccharin sodium at 45 ºC produced the bulk specimens with W content of 3.4 and 1.5 at.%, respectively. The electrodeposited alloys had a nanocrystalline structure with grain sizes of approximately 20 nm and a stronger (111) texture. The bulk nanocrystalline Ni–3.4 at.%W alloys deposited from an SPG bath with 1.0 g/L saccharin sodium exhibited a tensile strength of 1.6 GPa and tensile ductility of 1.8%. The bulk nanocrystalline Ni–1.5 at.%W alloys deposited from an SPG bath with 5.0 g/L saccharin sodium exhibited a tensile strength of 1.4 GPa and tensile ductility of 1.7%. The bulk nanocrystalline Ni–W alloys with a stronger (111) texture showed high strength and low plasticity.

Abstract: The Ni-4at%W alloys was prepared with cold crucible levitation, subsequent levitation re-melting and high pressure torsion (HPT) intensive deformation. In samples after levitation precipitates of Ni4W phase as well as grain boundary continuous phase were formed. Levitation re-melting resulted in partial dissolution of the precipitates, increasing W content in the matrix and lead to the microstructure refinement. The deformation by HPT, in the range of 300-400%, lead to the lead to the homogenization of the solid solution and partial decomposition of the alloys into pure Ni and W. In the homogenous majority of the sample the microstructure transformed from dendrite microstructure to faceted grains. The analysis of the grains sizes and shapes showed that the average grain size in the sample re-melted by levitation was twice the grain size of the sample only prepared with CCLM. Also, the grains in this sample were elongated by 50-60% in one direction, while in the sample prepared by CCLM they were equiaxial. As the nominal composition of the alloys in both cases was the same, differences observed in the microstructure after re-melting and HPT processing must result only from the differences in the cooling rate leading to small differences in W content in solid solution and phase composition after solidification. High rate of cooling in the levitation methods resulted in Ni4W metastable phase precipitation as well as in the refinement of the microstructure, stronger after additional re-melting of the alloy by levitation.

Abstract: The nanostructured Ni-W/Al₂O₃ composite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition technique on ferritic steel substrates from aqueous electrolyte solutions containing ultrafine alumina particles in suspension. The effects of plating parameters like current density, inert particle concentration in plating bath and ultrasonic field frequency on the incorporation of α-Al₂O₃ particles (TM-DAR Taimicron) into an Ni-W matrix were investigated. The MMC coatings microstructure, phase and chemical composition were studied by means of scanning (E-SEM FEI XL-30) and transmission (TECNAI G2 SuperTWIN) electron microscopies, as well as XRD measurements (Bruker D8 Discover). SEM and TEM observations of composite cross-section microstructure showed that the presence of ultrasounds considerably reduces the particles agglomeration and enables a uniform distribution of particles in the Ni-W matrix. The electron diffraction pattern analysis revealed that the composite metallic matrix consists of an α-Ni(W) solid solution. The matrix was characterized by quasifibrous, nanocrystalline grains of an average size about 10 nm.

Abstract: The development of optical mold coatings has become a key technology in precision optical components in recent years. Researchers are still seeking ideal electroforming materials capable of resisting higher temperature and improve the lifespan of optical mold. Examples of these materials include Ni-W, and Ni-Mo-P alloy plating, among others. However, the literature rarely mentions these alloys as protective coatings. This may be because coating stability, flatness, and strength cannot achieve the desired protective effects. This study develops a combination of two wet electrochemical processes to form a multi-layer coating on optical molds. This coating consists of Ni-W, and Ni-Mo-P alloys. The proposed treatment process attempts to enhance the mechanical strength of the mold and extend its lifespan. We first used electro-deposition to form a thick-film Ni-W coating, and then applied the electroless plating by nonisothermal deposition method (NITD) to create a Ni-Mo-P thin-film and form a multi-layer coating. We also measured the composition, hardness, and elastic modulus of the protective coating as a reference basis for the development of optical molds. The results of this study reveal the appropriate process parameters to provide the multilayer films with a high strength and flat surface. This article can serve as a reference for the development of optical mold coatings.

Abstract: High-strength nanocrystalline Ni-W alloys containing 16.9 at. % W with average grain size of about 6 nm in diameter has been obtained by electrodeposition. At room temperature, the nominal tensile strength of the alloy was attained to about 1600 MPa, while the plastic strain before fracture was a very low value of 0.05 %. In this case, highly localized shear bands were observed near the fractured surface of the tensile test specimen. When the samples were annealed at 300 °C under a static tensile stress of 327 MPa, the plastic strain was largely increased at the initial period of annealing and then tended to saturate, i.e., 0.54 % for 2 h, respectively. Grain size of the Ni-W alloys was almost saturated to 10 ~ 15 nm after annealing at 300°C for 2 h. It may be expected that the high tensile stress during grain growth might be effective to obtain the large uniform plastic deformation of nanocrystalline Ni-W alloys.