Papers by Keyword: Nickel Ni

Abstract: The codeposition behavior of submicron sized diamond with nickel from nickel electrolytes has been investigated. Electroplating of diamond dispersed nickel composites was carried out on a rotating disk electrode (RDE). The effects of current type and current density on the electrodeposited Ni-diamond composite coating were investigated. The effects of pH and surfactants on the composite coating were also investigated. The hardness of coating was measured with varying electroplating conditions. As diamond was incorporated into the coating, the hardness of coating as well as the wear resistance was improved. The surface morphologies of the Ni-diamond composite coatings were observed using FESEM.

Abstract: In Ni-SiC composite coating, the SiC content is dependent on the surface properties of SiC particles. As sulfuric acid has a strong dehydration force, addition of sulfuric acid in the Ni sulfamate bath changed the surface properties of SiC particles, affecting the codeposition behavior of SiC particles. Also the additives such as SDS affect the electrodeposition behavior of the Ni-SiC composite coating. In this study, effects of the HSO4 ‾ and the current density on the electrodeposition behavior of the Ni-SiC composite coating have been investigated. The Ni-SiC composite coatings were electrodeposited at current densities of 50~200mA/cm2. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies of the Ni-SiC composite coatings were observed using SEM, and their mechanical properties were characterized with micro-Vikers hardness.

Abstract: Nickel Alloy 22, UNS N06022, is being evaluated for use as the material of construction in permanent containers for spent nuclear fuel in Yucca Mountain, NV. To meet nuclear design criteria, Charpy impact data were required for the N06022 plate material, but conventional full-size specimens exceed the energy capacity of typical 400 J impact test machines, which results in stopping the pendulum during the test. Half-size specimens break with about 40% of the machine energy capacity, but their use raises questions concerning energy scaling to full size equivalent data. To address this, a range of subsize specimens were tested at room temperature using a standard 400 J impact test machine, and full-size, 3/4-size, and 2/3-size specimens were tested on a high energy capacity, 950J machine. Additional tests were performed at temperatures ranging from -196 to +200°C. Impact energy and lateral expansion measurements for the various test conditions are presented, their implications are examined, and a new model for absorbed energy correlation between subsize specimens and full size conventional Charpy specimens is proposed.

Abstract: Co/ZnO and Ni/Al2O3 composites were prepared by in-situ decomposition of CoNx and NiNx during sintering, using CoNx/ZnO and NiNx/Al2O3 mixtures synthesized through an in-situ nitridation method as the starting powders. It was found that these composites showed a very uniform microstructure with metal particles homogeneously distributed among matrix grains. The microstructure and properties were tentatively studied.

Abstract: Black schist ores in Finland are often enriched with sulfide minerals, containing a variety of base metals such as nickel, copper, zinc and cobalt. As these ores are low grade with respect to the metals contained and the sulfide minerals cannot be effectively concentrated from the schists, they are currently being studied with regard to their suitability for bioleaching [1]. As part of this investigation, a large-scale column measuring 3 x 3 x 9 m was built and filled with 110 tons of the crushed black schist ore. A solution was circulated in the column for 95 weeks; this solution was adjusted to 1.8 prior to entry in the column and averaged 2.7 when leaving the column. During this time, approximately 22% of Mn, 10% of Ni and 5% of Zn were leached from the ore. Iron was also leached, but precipitated in the column. Any soluble iron in the effluent was mainly Fe (II). During this same time period, total cell counts averaged 3.6 x 107 cells/ml of effluent. On three different occasions over nearly a one-year period, culturable cells were enumerated on a variety of solid media [2] and represented only about 1% of the total cell counts. Of the culturable cells, ironoxidizing acidophiles (namely Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans) far outnumbered any other acidophile by at least a factor of ten. Changes in populations were also monitored by molecular means (T-RFLP and SSCP) on five different occasions during the same year; again, populations in early samples were dominated by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (at least two strains/sub-species). As the temperature of the column was increased from ~20 to 35°C by heating both the recirculated liquor and the air used for column aeration, the relative abundance of At. ferrooxidans-like bacteria decreased while the abundance of unidentified bacteria increased. Some of these bacteria have also been detected in lab-scale column experiments using the same ore [3]. Total cell counts varied little as the temperature increased, nor was there any change in the rate of metal leaching. It was apparent that even though the leaching of metals from black schist ores was not greatly influenced by increases of temperature in the column, active microbial populations were present and were influenced by temperature.

Abstract: The Bioshale project, involving 13 partners throughout Europe, is co-funded by the European Commission under the FP6 program. The main objective of this project (which started in October 2004) is to identify and develop innovative biotechnological processes for ‘’eco-efficient’’ exploitation of metal-rich, black shale ores. Three extensive deposits have been selected for R&D actions. These are: (i) a site (in Talvivaara, Finland) that, at the outset of the project, had not been exploited; (ii) a deposit (in Lubin, Poland) that is currently being actively mined, and (iii) a third site (in Mansfeld, Germany) where the ore had been actively mined in the past, but which is no longer exploited. The black shale ores contain base (e.g. copper and nickel), precious (principally silver) and PGM metals, but also high contents of organic matter that potentially handicap metal recovery by conventional techniques. The main technical aspects of the work plan can be summarized as: (i) evaluation of the geological resources and selection of metal-bearing components; (ii) selection of biological consortia to be tested; (iii) assessment of bioprocessing routes, including hydrometallurgical processing; (iv) techno-economic evaluation of new processes from mining to metal recovery including social, and (v) assessing the environmental impacts of biotechnological compared to conventional processing of the ores. An overview of the main results obtained to date are presented, with special emphasis on the development of bioleaching technologies for metal recovery that can be applied to multielement concentrates and black shale ores.

Abstract: By using techniques of severe plastic deformation a metallic material can be subjected to an enormous strain that is not achievable by conventional methods of deformation. In this study nickel single crystals with different crystallographic orientation and nickel polycrystals were deformed by high pressure torsion. All nickel samples were processed up to the evolution of a saturation microstructure where no further hardening of the material can be observed. In this region all samples develop a similar microstructure and micro-texture. The differences in the fragmentation of the microstructure and the micro-texture development between the single crystals and the polycrystalline aggregate were examined using EBSD. A major difference between single crystals and polycrystals was not only the microstructure evolution at low equivalent strains, but also the development of a stable micro-texture, which is achieved earlier by the use of a polycrystalline aggregate.

Abstract: In this paper, the influence of nickel (Ni) nano-powders addition on the microstructures and dielectric properties of Ba(Ti,Zr)O3 based Y5V non-reducing ceramics were investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the primary phase was Ba(Ti,Zr)O3 and no Ni phase appeared until the amount of Ni exceeded 5mol%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation showed that the Ni particles distributed homogenously throughout BTZ ceramic matrix. The incorporation of Ni altered the perovskite lattice parameters and thus led to the change of polarization degree under electric field and the improvement of the dielectric constant at Curie temperature.

Abstract: Nickel tungsten (Ni-W) alloy coating was electroplated to increase its mechanical properties. Tungsten cannot be electroplated by itself, however, it is codeposited with other iron group metals especially with nickel. The morphologies of nickel tungsten coating were varied with current density. To eliminate the formation of cracks, pulse plating was employed. Crackless nickel tungsten alloy were obtained in pulse reverse electroplating. Hardness of nickel tungsten coating has twice higher compared to the normal electroplated nickel.

Abstract: Thin foil hot press process was used to fabricate metal/intermetallic compound laminate composites to induce self-propagating high-temperature (SHS) reaction between different pure metal sheets. In the present study, Ni/Ni-aluminide and Ti/Ti-aluminide laminate composites were fabricated through diffusion bonding, reaction synthesis and post-heat treatment of alternatively stacked pure Ni/Al and Ti/Al foils, respectively. Thick intermetallic layers of NiAl and TiAl3 were formed by a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction, and thin continuous layers of Ni3Al and TiAl were formed by a solid-state diffusion. Also, Ni/Ni-aluminide//Ti/Ti-aluminide laminate composite, considered as a functionally gradient material, was manufactured from stacked foils of pure Ni, Ti and Al in order of Ni/Al/Ni/.../Ni/Al /Ti/.../Ti/Al/Ti. Nb/Nb-aluminide laminate composite was manufactured with pure Nb and Al multilayered foils, consisting of fine Nb/Nb3Al/Nb2Al/NbAl3 layer structure.