Papers by Keyword: Nuclear Energy

Abstract: This study demonstrates the effective dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in 2-propanol using γ-irradiation from a ⁶⁰Co source, showcasing the potential of radiolysis for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) remediation. Utilizing Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), we achieved nearly 100% degradation of HCB, quantifying and identifying the breakdown products throughout the process. The kinetic analysis revealed that HCB consumption follows pseudo-first-order kinetics, with an effective rate constant of 4 x 10⁻⁵ L mol⁻¹ s⁻¹. Our findings indicate a systematic reduction in HCB to less chlorinated benzenes (CBs), including penta-(PCB), tetra-(TeCB), and trichlorobenzene (TCB), as confirmed by the mass spectra. The full pathway of HCB degradation involves sequential dechlorination steps: starting from HCB, it is first reduced to PCB, followed by TeCB, and then TCB. Although dichlorobenzenes (DCB), monochlorobenzene (MCB), and benzene formation are theoretically predicted, they were not detected in our experiments. The detailed examination of the radiation chemical yield (G value), the degree of consumption, and the concentration change as a function of absorbed dose highlights the robust capability of γ-radiolysis in the targeted decomposition of chlorinated compounds. These results underscore γ-radiolysis as a highly efficient method for the remediation of POPs.

Abstract: As a special functional and structural material, the rare metal beryllium has been widely applied in many key areas due to its excellent nuclear properties, optical properties and physical properties such as low density, high specific stiffness, high specific strength, and excellent thermal properties. This article systematically reviews application of beryllium in strategic nuclear energy, high-energy physics, inertial navigation systems, aircraft structural components, optical systems and commercial fields. The paper also examines how beryllium promoted technological advances and improved the facilities performance in its applications fields. Beryllium plays an important role in the development of nuclear technology, defense, and aerospace, which make beryllium become a strategic and critical engineering material. The paper provides a reference for scientists and technicians to employ beryllium in more fields.

Abstract: The generation III nuclear technology (AP1000) has been introduced into China since 2006 along with the project of 1000 MW advanced passive pressurized water reactors which is a development of any of the generation II nuclear reactor designs incorporating evolutionary improvements in design developed during the lifetime of the generation II reactor designs. The low pressure rotor of nuclear turbine for AP1000 is currently the heavy forging which requires the use of the heaviest steel ingot and possesses the maximum weight and cross sectional area in the world. The forming and manufacturing technology of such heavy forging have been described in this paper.

Abstract: Nuclear energy as an economical, safe and clean energy is being increasingly concerned, and nuclear power stations have also been widely built in the world. However, because of the impact from nuclear events, the safety of nuclear power station has been suspected by the public. First, the development situation of the nuclear power station in the world is described. Then the nuclear power station containment is introduced. Meanwhile, the safety performance of nuclear power station containment under external events are analyzed. Some advices on guaranteeing the security work of nuclear power station containment are given.

Abstract: Nuclear energy, due to having rich savings, great power, and less air pollution, gradually uses in civilian life widely. However, when this new energy is booming, some serious problems has appeared,such as radiation damage, the pollution of radioactive wastewater.etc .So how to make an effective protection and remediation to radiation injury has become a hot spot around the world. Here we will resport the relationship between a biological nanomaterials --Mollusk shell and the nuclear radiation, and we find that Mollusk shell not only can adsorb radionuclides, but also can repair the radiation injuries.This new function may contrubute to the design and synthesis of new radiation resistant materials.

Abstract: This paper aims to evaluate the university students’ perception towards nuclear energy safety in China. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 300 students who came from Northeastern University and Shenyang Jianzhu University during the period from October ,2011 to May, 2012.The results of the questionnaire survey show that the students’ concerns are not only related to their general risk perception and attitudes to nuclear energy, but also strongly related to the comparison of gender differences of risk perception and attitude on nuclear energy safety between study majors. Therefore, the results of this study provide useful information for risk management and implications of future nuclear energy policy for Chinese governments.

Abstract: Coal-based synfuels plants are facing serious pressure on CO₂ emissions reduction. Developing the coal-based synfuels system coupled with nuclear energy is an effective approach to reduce CO₂ emissions. This work analyzes CO₂ emissions features in the coal-based synfuels system, and further investigates three coupling paths between the coal-based synfuels system and nuclear energy. Subsequently, an inherent-safety and low-carbon coal-based synfuels system coupled with nuclear energy is proposed. In the coupled system, valley nuclear power is provided to conventional water electrolyser for hydrogen/oxygen production, and oxygen and hydrogen are supplied to the coal gasification and fuel synthesis processes, respectively. The simulation results show that the coupled system can reduce about 50% raw coal consumption and almost all CO₂ emissions compared to the conventional coal-based synfuels system, meanwhile it can improve the peak shaving capacity of nuclear power plants.

Abstract: As is well known, the disposal of high level nuclear waste is one of the key issues restricting the sustainable development of nuclear energy in the world. The partitioning and transmutation strategy (P&T) has been considered as an alternative for the disposal of high level nuclear waste in future advanced nuclear fuel cycles. For the transmutation of high level nuclear waste, accelerator driven sub-critical system (ADS) has been regarded as the most feasible choice. In this paper, the main technical characteristics of ADS system are described, the world research status and development trends of ADS are introduced, and ADS study plans in China are discussed.

Abstract: The energy is the important matter condition of the human survival and the development. Coal, petroleum, natural gas and other fossil energy support in 19 and twentieth Century in recent 200 years, the progress of human civilization and the development of economy and society,But coal, petroleum, natural gas and other non-renewable energy increasing consumption, not only make the mankind is faced with resource depletion pressure, but also feel the serious environmental problems threatening.At present, improving energy efficiency, development and utilization of renewable energy sources, protect the ecological environment, realizing sustainable development have become the common action of international renewable energy rich, clean, sustainable utilization. Strengthen the development and utilization of renewable energy, is to deal with the increasingly serious energy and environmental problems in the route one must take, also is the human society to realize the sustainable development of the route one must take.

Abstract: Nuclear energy, to some extent, has made great contributions to the electronic industry when the fossil fuels are decreasing. Therefore, scientism drives man indulged in his discoveries about nuclear energy, naively believing the nuclear power as an alternative energy for it is reliable, clean, secure and economical. After the nuclear accidents which happened in the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl, especially March 2011, the world-shocking earthquake happened in Japan as well as the nuclear leakage in Fukushima nuclear plant led us to reconsider the development and application of the nuclear energy. From our perspective, how to develop the nuclear energy depends on people’s attitude towards modern science and technology. Man should step out of the limit of scientism, be aware of how much science and technology can do on human beings’ progress under the guideline of the holism that complies with nature, and how application of the nuclear energy goes well with the whole ecological system rather than partially exaggerate its achievements against nature.