Papers by Keyword: Oil

Abstract: This study examines the physical properties and oil sorption behavior of fibers extracted from the spikelets of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB). The research begins with preparing spikelet fibers from OPEFB, followed by physical characterization testing, specifically surface morphology analysis, and concludes with oil absorption testing in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). The findings reveal that spikelet fibers possess significant physical properties conducive to oil and grease adsorption, as evidenced by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and contact angle value. The adsorption efficiency achieved by spikelet fibers in removing oils and greases from POME reached an impressive 99%. The flow rate of the influent has a crucial role in determining the adsorption efficiency, with lower flow rates generally yielding higher efficiencies due to prolonged contact times. Notably, the use of spikelet fibers increased Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (SCOD) concentration to 2855 mg/L. This increment in SCOD can be attributed to the degradation of complex organic matter present in the empty fruit bunches. Overall, this research highlights the dual role of spikelet fibers in oil adsorption and the subsequent impact on water quality, suggesting the need for further investigation into their application in wastewater treatment.

Abstract: Most forming oils have changed to chloride-free oil containing no chloride additives to protect environments regarding as the big issue of sustainable manufacturing. Several high-performance oil without chloride and die coating has been developed recently. In this study, the effect of micro-dimples on a die formed by a cutting machine or a laser device was tried to use chloride-free oil for ironing of stainless steel. The heavy galling occurred during ironing of stainless steel when the normal die without micro-dimples is used under a condition lubricated with chloride-free oil. The micro-dimples formed by the cutting machine only promoted galling because a large amount of burr remained around the dimples. The micro-dimples formed by the ultrashort pulse laser prevent from galling. The dimples have a smooth and mild profile on the die. The coverage area ratio of micro-dimples larger than 20% is needed for better ironing. A zigzag arrangement of the dimples uses the oil efficiently for well lubrication because galling occurs at the no dimples line between two rows of dimples if the dimples are neatly arranged parallel to the ironing direction.

Abstract: The article discusses the features of improving the technological processes of electric smelting, out-of-furnace processing, continuous casting and heat treatment of steel pipe blanks used for oil and gas production. To this end, ways to improve steel processing processes in electric furnaces and non-furnaces were shown, processes for the production of continuous casting pipes with special properties for oil and gas production were studied, the design of an alloying-refining lance (LRF) was developed, refining processes by blowing magnesium-based powders were studied, heat treatment modes for continuously cast billets during pressure treatment of pipe billets have been developed. The conducted research created the basis for the development of measures to organize the production of high-quality pipes for oil and gas production in the conditions of Baku Steel Company LLC. It has been established that blowing liquid steel with inert gases (for example, argon) in an intermediate furnace or treating it with a special composition of synthetic slag, the use of LRF in an electric furnace, the correct setting of the cooling system on a continuous casting machine (CCM), the use of a vacuum system on a continuous caster, the process of refining steel by blowing Powders based on magnesium oxide instead of lime are considered more effective means of improving the quality of steel. Based on the application of these measures, low-carbon low-alloy steel 13HFA was developed and seamless pipes with a ferrite-pearlite structure were obtained from it using continuous casting technology. The strength characteristics of this steel after casting and heat treatment fully comply with the requirements of the European standard. After heat treatment (hardening and high-temperature tempering), the surface of the pipes becomes harder (troostite + sorbitol), and the core has a soft, i.e., viscous (perlite + sorbitol) structure. This “layered” structure allows the pipes to operate successfully in difficult oil and gas production conditions.

Abstract: This research presents the production of biodiesel from nonedible, renewable ackee apple seed oil and its characterization. The study was carried out on trans-esterification of oil with methanol and sodium hydroxide as catalyst for the production of biodiesel. The harvested ackeed seed was sundried crushed manually and oven dried at a temperature of 105 for 24 hours 250g each of milled ackee seeds were respectively placed in the thimble of a Soxhlet extractor with the use of about 800ml of n-hexane., the flask was heated at 60 with the use of an electric mantle. As the solvent was heated in the boiler, the pure vapor rose through a by-pass and into the top part of the container where the sample to extract was contained. In the condenser, the vapors condensed and drip into the sample-containing thimble.The process parameters such as catalyst concentration, reaction time, and reaction temperature were optimized for the production of ackee seed oil biodiesel. The biodiesel yield of 18.30 % was noticed at optimal process parameters. The physicochemical characteristics of the oil such as pour point, cloud point, pH value, specific gravity, viscosity, acid value, saponification value, iodine value,were determined. Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) was also used to determine the elemental composition of the oil extracted. The fuel properties of biodiesel produced were found to be close to that of diesel fuel and also meet the specifications of ASTM standards.Keywords: Transesterification; Ackee seed; Biodiesel; Characterization; Optimal process, Fuel properties.

Abstract: The work theoretically substantiated and practically implemented the technical solution for supplying the components of gel-forming system (GFS). This allows implementing the concept of using gels to protect tanks with oil products from thermal emission. The response time in case of fire at the unloading-loading racks is determined. Criteria for supplying GFS components for cooling the walls of railway tanks have been developed. The ejection method for supplying GFS components is defined as promising. A device that allows supplying GFS components without structural changes in standard firefighting equipment has been developed and manufactured.

Abstract: In the trend of unconventional oil and gas explorations, the long laterals over 3,000 m are commonly fractured in multistage fracturing operations. The mill-out of the conventional and temporary isolation downhole tools, such as frac plugs or balls/ball seats, in these wells using mechanical intervention, such as coiled tubing (CT), is a challenge. This paper is to review the developments of the dissolvable alloys to be used on these tools in these long lateral wells to eliminate the mechanical intervention afterward. It includes the history and current status of the developments of the dissolvable alloys. The two types of mainstream dissolvable alloys including magnesium-based and aluminum-based alloys were developed, based on their microscale galvanic corrosion behaviors. The properties of these dissolvable alloys, therefore, depend on the chemistry, process and finally microstructure. The casting and extrusion processes will be discussed since they are very important processes to enhance properties of the dissolvable alloys. The properties including the strength, the ductility and the dissolvability are measured under various temperatures, pressures and salinities conditions. The future trend of development is also briefly visioned.

Abstract: The article presents a systematic analysis and simulation of the process of destructive hydrogenation of deasphalted oil. The process of thermoregeneration of spent zeolite and the surface - acid properties of CaA zeolite catalysts are also studied. It has been established that such patterns that allow predicting their influence and to regulate the quality of the hydrogenation obtained on one or another form of the catalyst obtained from the studied factors and catalysts. In addition, the obtained data can be used in the search for the optimal process modes of the process under consideration on the specific form of the catalyst.

Abstract: Oils, e.g. linseed oil, has been used as mortar admixtures or components of lime-oil mastic since ancient times. The reason was either to increase the mortar durability and/or to prolong the mortar/mastic workability. Historic mortars are conventionally analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis, but these methods are not able to detect the organic compounds directly. The goal of the present research was to evaluate the applicability of thermal analysis, infra-red spectroscopy, solid state NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography for detection and possible quantification of linseed oil in prepared mortar containing, beyond the oil, just lime and calcite. Both applied spectroscopies were able not only detect the presence of oil but may be used also for study of the oil chemical transformation in the alkaline environment of the lime mortar. Thermal analysis is not able to identify kind of organic admixture, but when it is known that it is e.g. linseed oil, its quantification by help of Evolved Gas Analysis is very good. The results of gas chromatography of mortar’s extract are affected by the polymerization of oil in mortar. The total organic content analysis is providing good information about the total amount of organics in mortar. There in not any single method, which could provide all information about the oil admixture in mortar (kind of oil, content of oil, fate of oil after mortar’s mixing) by itself; the combination of techniques must be used.

Abstract: The detection of paraffin deposits in the systems of main oil pipelines today is a very important problem, since they lead to emergency oil spills, environmental disasters and economic losses both for the enterprise and for the country as a whole. This work is aimed at studying the physicochemical properties of asphaltic resin paraffins, as well as the mechanism of phase transition from liquid to crystalline. Such studies make it possible to estimate the absorption coefficient of the paraffin phase, which was previously not possible due to the complex nature of oil, consisting of hydrocarbons and many organic compounds of various molecular weights, and to provide high-precision non-contact measurements of the concentration of suspended asphalt-resin-paraffins in the oil flow in the pipeline. The analysis of the morphology and chemical composition of paraffins of various deposits is carried out, the dependence of the phase transition depending on the temperature gradient is determined.

Abstract: The present studies are devoted to studying the behavior of the nanopart during their interaction with the surface. Small additives in composite materials significantly increase their strength and other operational properties. When carrying out repairs in the oil and gas industry, it is promising to fill the detected cracks and crack-like defects with composite material, the distinguishing feature of which is high fluidity and penetration at the time of filling. After hardening, such composites must meet all the requirements for strength and durability. Such properties can be obtained using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. In the molding process, a balance must be maintained between the adhesive strength of the composite compound and its cohesive strength. For this, it is crucial to know the underlying mechanisms of the formation of thin films containing nanoparticles on the surface of various structural materials.