Papers by Keyword: Oil

Abstract: Graphene modified coatings have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their excellent corrosion resistance and broad application prospects in the field of anti-corrosion. However, large-scale applications of graphene coatings were seldom reported, which is mainly attributed to the lack of fundamental research on the anti-corrosive mechanism and the long-term service performance evaluation of graphene modified coatings in actual working conditions. In the present work, the influence of the characteristics of corrosive medium, the content of graphene, the structure and morphology of graphene and the external environmental conditions on the anti-corrosive performance of graphene modified coatings were systematically reviewed. The deficiencies in the research of anti-corrosive performance of graphene modified coatings were summarized. The future work were prospected for the anti-corrosive performance and applications of graphene modified coatings in oil and gas exploration.

Abstract: The article describes a study of changes in the characteristics of engine oil after working in an internal combustion engine. Cost-effective replacement period for engine oil determined.

Abstract: Natural biopolymers were studied for their possible role as biodegradable fillers forlow-density polyethylene (LDPE) films. LDPE/biopolymer blends and films were prepared andcharacterized by the melt flow index (MFI) and tensile test. The addition of biopolymer to LDPEreduced the MFI values, the tensile strength and modulus, whereas the elongation at break increased.Interfacial interaction was better for LDPE/biopolymer blends containing soybean oil. Blendsprepared with oil showed the same behaviour as LDPE/biopolymer blends, indicating thatbiopolymer was the main factor that influenced the properties of blend.

Abstract: This objective of this study was to produce organoclay, analyze it, and evaluate its use in the process of removing oil emulsion from an oil–water system. The organoclay was prepared by the direct method and was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), and Infrared Spectroscopy (IV). A finite bath system was used to evaluate the effects on the removal capacity, using a stirring speed (A) of between 100 and 300 rpm and an initial concentration of oil-water solution (C₀) evaluated in the range of 100 to 500 mg/L. The XRD and infrared results indicated that CTAC was intercalated between the layers of Bofe clay. The percentage of oil removal from oil-in-water emulsions was between 55.99 and 96.62%. These results indicate that OC can potentially remove up to 97% oil from oil-in-water emulsions. Consequently, the OC could be considered an excellent medium for treating oily water.

Abstract: Gas flame spraying is the most accessible method of gas-thermal spraying. Pores are formed on the inner surface of the bimetallic fluid-film bearings as a result of the application of anti-friction coating on the steel substrate. The presence of such pores, the "microfibre effect", affects positively on life expectancy of fluid-film bearings. The study of the oil consumption of anti-friction coatings allows recommendation of these coatings for using in the manufacturing process of bimetallic fluid-film bearings.

Abstract: The article analyses corrosive stock in an oil and gas field, and the protection method for the equipment in boreholes and in oil pipelines is discussed. Subsurface pumping equipment corrosion rate monitoring method has been improved. In an oil and gas field, the inhibitor is pumped into the oil pipeline directly into the oil-gathering line and into the production boreholes with different dosages. Pilot testing was carried out to optimize the corrosion inhibitor dosage.

Abstract: The current global industry depends to a large extent on oil, gas and products. Hydrocarbons form of oil and its derivatives have become the main source of energy for the majority population. Crude oil, through its many uses is very important because it is cleaner than coal and cheaper and easier to transport than natural gas. Sometimes it called "black gold" and provides nearly half of the energy used in the world. Without it, would block transportation and large industrial equipment or thermal power plants could not operate.All activities of an organization involve risks and risk management is the process of substantiating the decision, taking into account the effects of uncertainty on objectives materialize and the establishment of measures and actions needed. To have the expected effectiveness within the organization, risk management must become an integral part of the administration, politics and culture of the organization. Environmental risk management differs significantly from other types of risk management due to the fact that its particular characteristics reflecting the complexity of the environmentEnvironmental risk management is an integral part of the overall management system. Establishing detailed integration or interaction management system risk management system or environmental management systems implemented by the organization must not lead to increase resources needed for this process.Safety and environmental issues top the agenda remains in the oil and gas companies when it comes to risk management. Oil and natural gas, both extraction and transport, has a range of important risks both to workers from these activities by accidents at work are exposed to people from neighboring villages (major accident) and for the environment.This paper presents theoretical and practical considerations regarding the implementation of the concept of risk management in their activity in the oil and gas industry and emphasizes the aspects of the environmental risks of oil industry. In the first part of the paper theoretical considerations are made on risk management and risk management standard. In the second part also presents practical aspects of how risk management is implemented in the oil and gas industry.

Abstract: Food production industry is the main producer of wastewaters with high fat, oil, and grease (FOG) content. FOG waste can be recovered from the wastewater stream by using physicochemical methods and reused considering their high methane potential. Popular method of FOG reuse is anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) with wastewater treatment sludge and scum from the primary wastewater sedimentation tanks. This short review focuses on understanding the efficiency of FOG reuse possibilities by AcoD and takes a closer look at problems connected to degradation issues, gives an understanding on microbial changes during FOG degradation, and reviews enzymes involved in the degradation process.

Abstract: In the present article, the experimental research of electrochemical cleaning of oil-contaminated soil is provided. The decrease of oil concentration in the soil from 1100 mg/kg down to 250 mg/kg at the current density in the range from 22 A/m² to 174 A/m² during 90 minutes is shown. It has been established that there is the limit amount of charge required for effective cleaning, which amounted to 0.96·10⁷ coulombs per kilogram of oil. The electrodes placement variant for the proposed method realization in real conditions is described. It is shown that at a voltage between the electrodes about 18 V and the cleaning efficiency of 77% the energy consumption will be 173 MJ/kg of oil.

Abstract: Volatile organic compounds in hydrocarbon sludge are one of hazardous waste with the potential to contaminate water bodies. Immobilization is practically used to prevent uncontrolled released of toxic substances into the environment by bind into the inert materials like cement and admixtures. An oily component in the waste interferes the immobilization process by retarding the cementation reactions. This work explores immobilization techniques using OPC and zeolite with different water to cement (WC), cement to sludge ratios (CS) and the addition of 5 to 20 wt. % zeolite with the objective of reducing waste mobility. Immobilized sludge was measured by compressive strength, porosity and leachability of metals, and oil & grease. Immobilized sludge at WC 0.35 and CS of 40 achieved 52.55 MPa UCS. Zeolite addition contributes to the increase in accessible porosity but reduces the UCS to a maximum of 31.22 MPa. Incorporation of 10 wt. % zeolite successfully binds the waste indicated by only 0.2 ppm Fe had been released into the leachate. The oil & grease leachability was found below the permissible level while achieved the acceptable compressive strength value of 20.7 MPa.