Papers by Keyword: Organoclay

Abstract: Poly(ethylene carbonate) (PEC) is a form of aliphatic polycarbonate, a biodegradable polymer made via the copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxides. The poor thermal stability and mechanical properties of these aliphatic carbonates are attributed to the carbon structure's flexibility, which restricts their applications. By combining PEC with organoclay CP180, this study addressed the weaknesses of PEC with organoclay addition. A physical blending technique was employed to generate PEC/organoclay composites with a 10-50 wt.% ratio of organoclay. The blended material's thermal characteristics were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the mechanical characteristics were measured using a universal tensile machine. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis determined the blends' morphology. Before the torque value for all curves grew with the addition of CP180 material to the PEC matrix, it became constant. It reached a high value due to the shear-thickening behavior of the PEC matrix with organoclay addition. T_g of PEC increased by more than 7°C by 40 wt.% organoclay addition, as evident in the hindrance of PEC flexibility, significantly increased the toughness of this PEC. From the FESEM images, the formation of large silicate starts to aggregate effectively, lowering the interfacial area between organoclay and PEC as the clay content continues to rise, as shown by 50 wt.% organoclay addition.

Abstract: The effects of clay surface modified with 25-30 wt% of methyl dihydroxyethyl hydrogenated tallow ammonium (Clay-DHA) on morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/propylene-ethylene copolymer (PEC)/Clay-DHA composites were investigated. The phase morphology of PLA/PEC blends showed phase separation due to weak interaction between PLA and PEC phase, and the droplet size of PEC phase increased with increasing PEC content. The addition of Clay-DHA significantly improved the compatibility between PLA and PEC phases due to PEC droplet size decreased dominantly in PLA matrix, so Clay-DHA could act as an effective compatibilizer. The tensile properties found that Young’s modulus of PLA/PEC blends decreased with increasing amount PEC while the strain at break increased. The incorporation of Clay-DHA improved Young’s modulus of the blends in a range of 10-20 wt% of PEC. The thermal properties showed that the addition of PEC and Clay-DHA had no effect on the melting temperature of PLA. The degradation temperature of PLA/PEC blends was higher than that of the PLA, so PEC could improve the thermal stability of the blends.

Abstract: In this research, the effect of ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer (EMAC or EMAC30) and clay surface modified with aminopropyltriethoxysilane 0.5-5 wt% and octadecylamine 15-35 wt% (Clay-ASO) on the morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE) were investigated. The polymer blends and composites were prepared by an internal mixer and then samples were molded by compression molding. The morphology analysis showed that the presence of fibrous surface at the specimen fracture surface of HDPE/EMAC30 blends. The phase morphology of HDPE blends with Clay-ASO 3, 5 and 7 phr was observed the phase separation of EMAC30 and aggregate of Clay-ASO at high EMAC30 content. Young’s modulus of HDPE/Clay-ASO composites increased with increasing Clay-ASO composites. The presence of Clay-ASO did not improve Young’s modulus and tensile strength of HDPE/EMAC30/Clay-ASO composites. The strain at break of HDPE/EMAC30 blends increased with increasing EMAC30 content. The incorporation of EMAC30 and Clay-ASO had no effect on the melting temperature of HDPE blends and composites, respectively. The percent crystallinity of HDPE/EMAC30 and HDPE/EMAC30/Clay-ASO was lower than that of pure HDPE. The addition of EMAC30 and Clay-ASO decreased the degradation temperatures of HDPE/EMAC30 blends and composites.

Abstract: This work studied the effect of nanoclay surface modified with 25-30 wt% of methyl dihydroxyethyl hydrogenated tallow ammonium (Clay-DHA) on morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blends. The PLA/PBAT (75/25 w/w) blends without and with Clay-DHA were melt mixed by an internal mixer and molded by compression method. The morphological analysis observed the phase separation of PLA/PBAT blends due to minor PBAT phase dispersed as spherical shape in PLA phase, indicating a poor interfacial adhesion between PLA and PBAT phases. The incorporation of Clay-DHA could improve the compatibility of polymer blends. The tensile testing found that the addition of Clay-DHA 1 and 3 phr increased Young’s modulus of PLA/PBAT blends. The addition of Clay-DHA decreased the strain at break of PLA/PBAT blends. The thermal degradation of PLA/PBAT blends and composites showed the similar thermal degradation process step. The addition of Clay-DHA was no effect on thermal stability and thermal properties of PLA/PBAT blends.

Abstract: The rubber compounds based on BR and on mixtures BR with EPDM containing experimental organoclay samples based on bentonites from the “Sarinskoye” deposit (Orenburg Region, Russia), additives to polymers Cloisite® 10A manufactured by Southern Clay Prod. () were compared. The increase of tensile strength at break by introduction of organoclay in rubber compounds based on BR and on mixtures BR with EPDM was determined. The compatibility of rubbers with the introduction of organoclay in the mixture BR with EPDM was improved

Abstract: The work studied the morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC) blends before and after adding the montmorillonite clay surface modified with 25-30% of octadecylamine (clay-ODA). The PLA/EOC blends and composites were prepared by melt mixing in an internal mixer. The EOC contents were 5, 10, 20, 30 wt% and clay-ODA contents were 1 and 3 phr. The morphology analysis showed that the addition of clay-ODA could improve the miscibility of PLA and EOC phases due to the domain size of dispersed EOC phase decreased with increasing clay-ODA content. X-ray diffraction revealed the formation of intercalated/exfoliated structure in PLA/clay-ODA and PLA blend composites. The mechanical properties showed that the impact strength of PLA/EOC blends dramatically increased with increasing EOC content up to 10 wt%. The strain at break of PLA blends increased with increasing EOC content. Moreover, the incorporation of clay-ODA increased significantly Young’s modulus of PLA and PLA/EOC blends with increasing clay-ODA content. The thermal stability of PLA/EOC blends improved with the addition of a small amount of clay-ODA.

Abstract: This work studied the morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC) (80/20) blends with different organoclay types. Herein, EOC was introduced to toughening PLA by melt blending and organoclay was used to improve compatibility and tensile properties of the blends. The two organoclay types were nanoclay surface modified with aminopropyltriethoxysilane 0.5-5 wt% and octadecylamine 15-35% (Clay-ASO) and nanoclay surface modified with dimethyl dialkyl (C14-C18) amine 35-45 wt% (Clay-DDA). The organoclay contents were 3, 5 and 7 phr. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation results revealed PLA/EOC blends demonstrated a two-phase separation of dispersed EOC phase and PLA matrix phase. The addition of organoclay significantly improved the compatibility between PLA and EOC phases due to EOC droplet size decreased dominantly in PLA matrix, so organoclay could act as an effective compatibilizer. The incorporation of organoclay increased significantly tensile strength of PLA/EOC/organoclay composites while Young’s modulus increased with 5 phr of organoclay. The thermal stability of PLA/EOC blends did not change when compared with neat PLA, and when added Clay-ASO in the blends could improve the thermal stability of the PLA/EOC blends.

Abstract: The effectiveness of the use of the organoclay of the Cloisite 30B brand of the Southern Clay Products company (USA), which is a Na⁺-montmorillonit, modified by methylalkyldi (2-hydroxyethyl) ammoniumchloride, and of the organoclay of the Katamin AB, produced by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise CNIIgeolnerud (Russia), modified by alkylbenzyldimethylammoniumchloride on the properties of vulcanized dimethylphenylvinylsiloxane rubber of the brand SKTFV-803 was studied. It was established that the adding of organoclay in the amount of 5 parts by weight in siloxane rubber increased heat resistance, slightly reduced the swelling index in toluene, and, most importantly, was not impair the frost resistance of obtained siloxane HYPERLINK "https://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exet=598817_1_2&s1=%F0%E5%E7%E8%ED%E0" vulcanizates.

Abstract: This objective of this study was to produce organoclay, analyze it, and evaluate its use in the process of removing oil emulsion from an oil–water system. The organoclay was prepared by the direct method and was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), and Infrared Spectroscopy (IV). A finite bath system was used to evaluate the effects on the removal capacity, using a stirring speed (A) of between 100 and 300 rpm and an initial concentration of oil-water solution (C₀) evaluated in the range of 100 to 500 mg/L. The XRD and infrared results indicated that CTAC was intercalated between the layers of Bofe clay. The percentage of oil removal from oil-in-water emulsions was between 55.99 and 96.62%. These results indicate that OC can potentially remove up to 97% oil from oil-in-water emulsions. Consequently, the OC could be considered an excellent medium for treating oily water.

Abstract: The effects of the montmorillonite clay surface modified with 0.5-5 wt% aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 15-35% octadecylamine (Clay-APTSO) on morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC)/Clay-APTSO composites were investigated. The blends of PLA/EOC with and without Clay-APTSO were prepared by melt mixing in an internal mixer. Scanning electron microscopy analysis observed the morphology of PLA/EOC blends demonstrated a phase separation of minor phase and matrix phase. The addition of Clay-APTSO in PLA/EOC blends showed significant decreased in droplet size of dispersed EOC phase, thus, Clay-APTSO acted as an effective compatibilizer in the PLA/EOC blends. The results of tensile properties found the decrease of Young’s modulus of PLA when added EOC due to the low modulus and flexibility of EOC. While the incorporation of Clay-APTSO increased significantly Young’s modulus of PLA/EOC blends at low EOC and Clay-APTSO content. The strain at break of the blends increased with the increase of EOC loading, this indicated the presence of EOC enhanced the elongation at break of PLA, while the addition Clay-APTSO reduced the strain at break of PLA/EOC blends. The tensile strength of all blend compositions improved when added Clay-APTSO and the tensile strength showed the highest value at 3 phr of Clay-APTSO. The thermal stability of PLA/EOC blends did not change when compared with neat PLA, and when added Clay-APTSO in the blends could improve the thermal stability of the PLA/EOC blends.