Papers by Keyword: Osseointegration

Abstract: The long-term performance of dental implants relies on material stability and sustained osseointegration. This study analyzed titanium implant after six years of clinical function and compared it with unused implants to assess surface integrity. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to evaluate morphology and elemental composition, while surface roughness was measured to detect changes. SEM showed direct bone attachment, and EDX confirmed calcium, phosphorus, sodium, oxygen, and carbon associated with osseointegration. Roughness values increased slightly due to adherent bone tissue, but no evidence of surface wear or degradation was observed. These results demonstrate that titanium maintains chemical stability, biocompatibility, and reliability for long-term dental implant applications.

Abstract: This study systematically evaluated nine surface treatment conditions on titanium dental implant fixtures, combining Sandblasted Large Grit Acid-etched (SLA) with anodizing methods. A total of 112 samples were characterized using FESEM, EDAX, MTT, wettability, surface energy, and osseointegration analyses. Among the tested protocols, the SLA+Anodizing process with the following parameters proved most effective: sandblasting with 75 µm particles at 4 bar and 30° angle, acid etching at 75°C for 6 minutes, and anodizing at 100 V for 5 minutes. This optimized surface demonstrated superior outcomes, including 97% cell viability, enhanced osseointegration within twelve days, and a chemical composition consistent with Grade 5 titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), typically comprising approximately 90% Ti, 6% Al, 4% V, and trace amounts of O, Fe, and other elements.

Abstract: Biocompatible bone implants are often proposed to improve osseointegration such as metal or polymer. Calcium hydroxyapatite Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆-OH₂, HA is the primary inorganic component of human bone. Hydroxyapatite and polymer are biocompatible to the human body and help to increase bone growth. Increasing osseointegration by application of coating polymer on ceramic using the dip coating method is a challenge in itself for the success of the process of coating polymeric materials on ceramic materials using the previous method. This research aims to establish a new interface for promoting osseointegration. This interface between the polymeric part and the bone tissue to overcome the problems and failures that occur in the metal limbs implanted in the amputees. As a result of its rejection by the cells of the living body or the lack of good cohesion between the implant and the place of contact. In this work, coat PEEK plastic material coated with an active biocompatible material (Hydroxyapatite). The polymeric parts that implant inside the bone will be used as an anchor for the metallic screw that is used for bone succession or artificial limb. This research is one of a series of investigations that enhance bone osseointegration in the simplest and most efficient method. The dipping method is used to create adhesive between ceramic and polymer (polyether ether ketone) depending on the chitosan material. Tape tests showed that there was good adherence between the HA and PEEK surfaces.

Abstract: Osseointegration prosthesis is a directly implanted fixation in the bone for limb amputees. It has been used as an excellent alternative for amputees experiencing difficulties from the use of a traditional socket type prosthesis. A novel implant used for implanted prosthetics is designed and it depended on polymer as a primary material to increase bone osseointegration. As an alternative to the metallic material on the interface with the bone. The design consists of several parts and relies on thread to increase installation. This research aims to overcome the problems of loss implantation by using new designs for fixations. Evaluated this design by FEA (Finite element analysis) in different load cases to obtain the distribution of stress and force reaction when the implant displacement was applied. The polymeric part was designed in two shapes, each shape relies on a different size of threaded to verify the change of fixation with the threaded. As for the metal part, two cases were used, the first case, stainless steel 316L, and the second case titanium metal to reach the best stress distribution in this design.

Abstract: Today, the ability to form porous structures and coatings from titanium powder on implants parts of specified porosity, size and morphology of pores into which newly formed bone tissues and, thus, they contribute to the osseointegration and high and long-term stability of the implant functioning in the body is widely used. The ability to obtain work pieces of complex geometry by powder metallurgy methods with a minimum of mechanical rework by cutting, it also promotes the diffusion of this technology in the implants manufacturing as the titanium alloys are classified as difficult to process. The future progress in the development of new materials and types of implants is directly related to powder metallurgy - there is information about the creation of a highly solid biocompatible composite based on the intermetallic system β-Ti3Au, from which rib replacement implants are made

Abstract: In this research, the most modern deposition technique used will be utilized for biomedical applications is Electrostatic Spray Deposition (ESD), which focused on enhancing the corrosion resistance as well as biocompatibility of commercially pure titanium substrate by constructing bio composite coating, various percentages (2, 6, and 10) wt.% of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) powder were combined with (98, 94, and 90) wt.% of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) powder, and the same percentages (2, 6, and 10) wt.% of Nickel Oxide (NiO) powder also combined with (98, 94, and 90) wt.% of PMMA. The effects of HAP and NiO percentages in the PMMA matrix on the surface characteristics of titanium were analyzed. The FESEM, XRD, contact angle, and anti-bacterial test demonstrated that the coating layer was successfully made consistent throughout and devoid of cracks. the samples exhibited favorable wetting qualities and inhibited bacterial growth.

Abstract: The ability to promote rapid osseointegration is an important criterion on the titanium implant surface. This performance is greatly determined by the roughness, wettability, and composition of the implant surface. This study aims to investigate the oxide layer formation and wettability on the EDM-titanium implant surface engineered by different micro-finishing methods (i.e. mechanical, physical, and chemical processes). The oxide layer formation was investigated by observing the wt% of oxygen formed while the wettability criterion was studied by determining the contact angle between the liquid and solid surface. The result reveals that the oxide layers formed on the sample surface, excepting Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) 95%-etched, show an interaction with the surface roughness and its wettability. The smoother the surface roughness of the sample, the lower the percentage of the oxide layer and the contact angle formed on the sample surface. In this aspect, the ultrasonic cleaning benchmark has the highest percentage by altering 18.84% of the oxide layer formed by the EDM process while the decrease of 75.89% generated by the H₂SO₄-etching is the lowest one. On the other hand, the higher the percentage of the oxide layer formation, the lower the wettability of the sample surface. In this aspect, the ultrasonic cleaning benchmark has the lowest wettability with a contact angle of 124º (hydrophilic) while HCl-etching is the lowest with 45º (hydrophobic). The results are notable that the ultrasonic cleaning method is able to alter wt% of the oxygen on the EDM-titanium implant surface, whereas the acid etching method can be recommended as a worthy method of the surface finishing for the semi-permanent type of implant.

Abstract: A comparison was made of the properties of porous coatings obtained by ion-plasma spraying methods, 3D-coating obtained by direct laser metal deposition (DLMD), as well as a GRIPTION® and POROCOAT® coating. The influence of various methods of obtaining a porous coating on the porosity and structure of the coating, as well as the effect of thermal hydrogen treatment (THT) on the adhesion strength of the titanium coating was determined.

Abstract: The use of dental implants of titanium and its alloys has proved to be effective, through well established and documented parameters, both in the dimensions and in the manufacturing processes and also in the surgical techniques. There are clinical situations where there is a need to reduce the diameter of the implants, below 3.75 mm in diameter. In the current state of art of the implant technology it is desirable that these also have surfaces capable of decreasing the period of osseointegration. In the present work, to improve the mechanical strength of the material, an alloy of 80% of Ti and 20% of Zr % in mass was proposed and elaborated, aiming its use as biomaterial. Physical, chemical, microstructural and mechanical characterization was carried out. The surfaces of the treated samples were observed using: scanning electron microscopy (SEM); semi quantitatively chemically analyzed using dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS: wettability of the samples was determined and, finally, the roughness was measured using optical profilometry. For the conditions used in the present work, it was concluded, that the best surface treatment for the TiZr 80/20 alloy was acid etching with 1% vol. hydrofluoric acid for 5 minutes, as this treatment presented the most prominent results of wettability and roughness simultaneously.

Abstract: The deposition of hydroxyapatite has been applied to enhance the bioactivity of Ti-6Al-4V as implant materials. However, the hydroxyapatite has poor adhesion strength to a substrate which can lead to coating delamination. In this study, we combine the alkali-heat treatment of Ti-6Al-4V and the electrophoretic coating process of the hydroxyapatite to obtain the strong mechanical interlocking. The Ti-6Al-4V implants were etched in Kroll solution before the alkali-treatment was performed using 5M and 10M NaOH at 24, 48 and 72 hours and thermally stabilized at 600°C and 800°C for 1 hour using a stepwise heating rate of 5°C per min. The electrophoretic deposition process conducted at a constant cell voltage of 20 V for 10 min at room temperature and then sintered in a vacuum furnace at 800°C. The result shows that the feather-like structure on Ti-6Al-4V surface was created by incorporating sodium ions onto the Ti-6Al-4V surface during alkali-treatment using NaOH 5M for 48h and stabilized using heat treatment at 600°C where the hydroxyapatite filled the interspaces to become integrated with the feather-like structure so that the osseointegration can occur as the bioactivity increased.