Papers by Keyword: Osteoporosis

Abstract: The histomorphometry of the rabbit bone tissue from the lower jaw was done. Authors hypothesized that local enhancement with biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic materials in the femur trochanter major area increase the trabecular bone volume outside the implantation zone in vivo. Twenty-two California female rabbits were included in this study and were divided into four groups. Four healthy rabbits composed a control group (A group), while other eighteen underwent ovariectomy. Bone defects were created in femur trochanter major region. Sham surgery group (B group) consisted of four female rabbits with osteoporosis and bone defect, but no biomaterials were implanted. In C group (seven rabbits) created defects were filled with granules of biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic (hydroxyapatite (HAP) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) 30/70); in D group (seven rabbits) defects were filled with the same granules (HAP/TCP 30/70) together with strontium (5% by mass). Twenty-two bone samples were taken from lower jaw premolar region. Trabecular bone area was measured using Image Pro Plus 7 program, where three equal fields (0.975 mm²) of view were at random chosen in all bone samples. Results have shown that the trabecular bone area in A group was 0.201 mm² (0.176-0.233), which is statistically significantly higher (p <0.0001) than in B group 0.127 mm² (0.118 – 0.149), C group 0.136 mm² (0.108 – 0.166) and D group 0.135 mm² (0.126 – 0.164), respectively. Statistically significant differences between B, C and D groups were not found (p > 0.05).

Abstract: This study focuses on problems of treatment of proximal humeral fractures occurring against the background of osteoporosis. It presents statistics on osteoporosis and lower energy trauma among patients in the Russian Federation and abroad. The high susceptibility to osteoporotic changes in the bone structure of the male population of Russia compared to the global statistics of osteoporosis among men was emphasized. The main classifications used in the clinical practice of orthopedists and traumatologists allow to identify the type of fracture by clinical and anatomical basis and to structure the existing patient management tactics to achieve the most optimal result of treatment and restoration of limb function. There is an analysis of publications representing various methods of fracture treatment, which helps to use the most optimal methods of relevant fractures treatment.

Abstract: In recent years, sheep have been reported as the ideal animal model to study osteoporosis, hence it is important to identify instruments, tools and ideal parameters needed to assess the effects of different treatments. In previous studies conducted in other animal models with osteoporosis, the most common parameters used for evaluation concerned primarily bone properties, such as the dual X-ray absorptiometry. However, biomechanical gait analysis as an integrative functional parameter and a non-invasive method, will be an important tool in research and clinical applications. This research review was performed using the PubMed database and included studies related to sheep with outcome measures concerning functional performance assessed during gait in vivo; and excluded studies related with cardiovascular disease and sperm properties, which include other animal species, with outcomes not related with functional locomotor evaluation. Only studies related with bone properties were analyzed. The most frequent and relevant included parameters were the following: mean peak vertical ground force reaction, gait cycle and stance/swing phase duration, percentage of stance/swing phase in a gait cycle, stride length and the stifle joint angles during a gait cycle. Gait biomechanical parameters have been established for the assessment of some clinical orthopedic condition using sheep models but not currently for osteoporosis.

Abstract: Based on data from Indonesian Health Ministry in 2009, osteoporosis case reached 19,7 % of the populations in Indonesia, especially women in menopause period. The treatment was performed by consuming bisphosphonate drugs per oral which was not effective since the absorption intake of the drug was only less than 55% of the intake dosage. Because of that, the bone filler which also has a function as drug delivery system was developed. The hydroxyapatite-gelatin bone filler with the addition of alendronate was studied. To increase the characteristics of this bone filler, glutaraldehyde was introduced in the composite as a crosslinking agent. The concentration of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% were used. The bone filler was then characterized based on FTIR test, morphology test, compressive strength test, cytotoxicity test, and degradation test. The FTIR result showed that there was no significant difference between the sample with and without glutaraldehyde since the crosslinking bond of glutaraldehyde and gelatin was C=N bond which also presented in the gelatin. The morphology of the samples depicted a bigger pore size for higher glutaraldehyde concentration which also supported by lower compressive strength. All the samples were non-toxic based on the cytotoxicity test which had cell viability more than 100%. The degradation tests showed that with the presence of glutaraldehyde in the bone filler could maintain its form longer than the bone filler without glutaraldehyde. In conclusion, the presence of glutaraldehyde could increase the characteristics of the hydroxyapatite-gelatin composite with the addition of alendronate as a bone filler candidate for osteoporotic bone.

Abstract: Variety of different bone substitutive materials are synthetized to improve bone healing potentials in pathological bone conditions. Physiologically active molecules within biomaterials, can initiate expression level of biomarkers, regulating bone remodeling. Aim of our study was to analyze bone healing process in bone defects followed by implantation with 5% strontium substituted hydroxyapatite (HAP) /tricalcium phosphate (TCP) 70/30 granules (group A) or HAP/TCP biphasic ceramic granules without strontium substitution (group B), or sham surgery affected bone (group C) in osteoporotic rabbits’ femur. Tissue samples from contralateral intact left leg were used for evaluation of systemic effects after surgery. Changes of bone volume were measured and appearance of OPG, NFkB-105, OC, COL-1, BMP-2/4, MMP-2, TIMP-2, IL-1 and IL-10-positive osteocytes in osteoporotic rabbits’ bone defect were evaluated. No statistical difference between groups of trabecular bone volume was detected. All analyzed markers showed higher appearance of positive osteocytes in groups A and B with comparison to control left leg (p<0.05). Only NFkB105-positive cells showed important difference between sham surgery affected leg and control one (p=0.034). Numerous OPG-positive cells appeared in group A, while moderate number of them was found in groups B and C (p=0.025; p=0.027). Numerous to abundant OC-positive osteocytes were detected in group A, while moderate in group C (p=0.034). Statistical difference of rest biomarkers between groups was not detected. We concluded that implantation of biomaterials in osteoporotic bone improves local bone regenerative properties. However, the notable increase of OPG-containing cells proves the increase of osteoclastogenesis suppression and gives the evidence for renew of bone functionality.

Abstract: With the recent advancements in arthroscopic surgery, the use of suture anchor has increased in the surgical treatment of rotator cuff tears. In the present study, we developed a suture anchor system for ligament reconstruction that can be applied to patients with osteoporosis or with low bone density. The anchor screws are made of biocomposites containing poly-L-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) in a 70:30 ratio. The suture anchor system consisted of medial and lateral screw. The lateral screw was designed in a hemicylindrical structure to prevent bone damage. The performance of the developed anchor screw was found to be greater than 402.5 N in a pull-out test.

Abstract: Investigation of biomechanical properties of the rabbit bone tissue from a corner of the lower jaw was done. Experimental osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy and following injections of methylprednisolone. The defects in the greater trochanter region was created and filled with granules of a hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate (HAP/TCP 30/70) or HAP/TCP 30/70 together with 5% strontium ranelate. After 3 month animals were euthanased, squared samples have been cut out from a corner of the lower jaw and tested on a bend. Results of research show, that the corner of a lower jaw in rabbit becomes more rigid after filling of defects in the greater trochanter region with granules of a hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate (HAP/TCP 30/70) or granules together with strontium ranelate. The ultimate strain for the bone tissue in the 2^nd and 3^rd group is less, than for control group. Thus, local uses calcium – phosphatic bioceramic material around the greater trochanter region improves biomechanical parameters of a bone tissue in the lower jaw of animals.

Abstract: The development of suitable strategies to treat ageing-related pathologies has attracted the interest of researchers in view of the increasing life expectancy in the next decades. Osteoporosis is a worldwide disease with high prevalence in humans older than 50 that dramatically increases the risk of bone fractures with associated disabilities. The innovative use of new biomaterials as models of the healthy and osteoporotic bone matrix would be a new strategy to study the physiological conditions associated with osteoporosis and the connection between microenvironment changes and the bone ageing process. In this work, experimental bioactive glass substrates were coated with various polymer formulations in order to impart tunable surface features to the whole systems, which will act as models of the healthy and aged bone tissue once they have been colonized by cells.

Abstract: The release property of osteoprotegerin (OPG) from hydroxyapatite / chondroitin sulphate (HAp/ChS) microparticles was described in this paper. The formulation was conducted by subsequent addition of zinc chloride solution into the mixture of HAp/ChS microparticles as a ceramic carrier and OPG solution. The release of OPG from the microparticles in PBS was positively correlated with soaking time without initial burst. The release rate of OPG was decreased with the increase of the amounts of zinc cation, which was not dependent of ChS wt% in the microparticles. The controlled release of OPG would provide the improvement of drug effect and the reduction of adverse effects. These findings reveal further investigation of the other antiresortive agents as a potential safer medication for osteoporosis.

Abstract: the study tried to evaluate the advantages of mini-invasive prophylactic synthesis of controlateral hip fractures in osteoporotic patients. Material and method: 4 patients have been operated between 2009-2010 with hip fractures in osteoporotic patients. Neck fractures Garden IV in 2 patients and pertrochanteric fractures Kyle III and IV in two others patients. The fracture site was operated in dorsal decubitus under spinal anesthesia, we took adventage of this operation and anesthesia to performe a minimal invasive percutaneous synthesis for the nonfracture controlateral side. We used a simple implant, a quickly method during the same surgery time and anesthesia. The K wires with injected cement were percutaneously inserted. Through a 5 mm skin incision, a channel is created in the proximal femur bone and the implant, made of a fabric pouch hosting Titanium rods, is built percutaneously within the femur. A small amount of bone cement is then added, and interdigitates to the osteoporotic bone to further fixate the implant. Results: Rehabilitation was obtained and full weight bearing was allowed immediately. The potential benefits expected with the use of this minimally invasive method are: Quick procedure 15 min, No soft tissue or bone damage, No bleeding, short rehabilitation period, reduced morbidity and mortality, Low cost, same drape, single anesthesia. Conclusions: The method is simple, reproductible and economically. It can be made in emergency by the resident surgeon. The patient will be operated during the same anesthesia after the operation of fractured hip.