Papers by Keyword: PES

Abstract: This research demonstrates the production of membranes utilizing polyethersulfone (PES). Cellulose Acetate (CA) at 5% and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) at 5% are incorporated into the PES membrane as additives, while ethanol serves as a variable non-solvent in the coagulation bath. The incorporation of CA and PEG additives serves to enhance the performance and characteristics of PES membranes. Fabrication of PES membranes utilizing the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) technique. The impact of additive incorporation was assessed through various characterization tests, including Swelling degree, Tensile strength, contact angle, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The results indicated that the swelling degree value increased from 13.66% (PES) to 39.40% with the addition of PEG and CA. Nevertheless, the membrane's mechanical strength was diminished as a result of the inclusion of PEG. PES/CA exhibits the highest tensile strength value at 1.8 MPa, while PES/PEG has a peak of 1.4 MPa. The optimal contact angle measurement was achieved on the PES/CA/PEG membrane at 50°. The SEM characterization results indicated an increase in membrane pore size, with the modified membrane exhibiting a pore size range of 0.331-0.664 μm. The incorporation of 60% ethanol as a non-solvent resulted in the maximum swelling degree value of 41.05%. In conclusion, the characteristics of the membrane are influenced by the combination of additive Cellulose Acetate (CA) and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) through blending.

Abstract: Polyether sulfone (PES) stands as a widely utilized polymeric membrane in separation technology. However, due to certain undesirable drawbacks encountered in its application, researchers consistently strive to enhance its characteristics and performance. In this study, we delve into the effects of Mg(OH)₂ addition on the characteristics and performance of PES membranes employed for humic acid removal from water. The membrane fabrication involves PES as the primary polymer, NMP as the solvent, and a blend of ethanol and water as non-solvents. Characterization of the membranes encompasses the assessment of functional groups via FTIR, morphological structure through SEM imaging, and porosity evaluation. Notably, the Mg(OH)₂ additive exerted a positive influence on the prepared PES membranes, leading to discernible alterations in the morphological structure, as evident in SEM cross-sectional images. The augmentation of Mg(OH)₂ concentration resulted in increased membrane porosity. The FTIR spectra revealed the presence of water derived from Mg(OH)₂ crystals. The research yielded notable results, with the most outstanding membrane exhibiting a pure water flux of 41.6 L/m2·h and a rejection rate of 71%. Furthermore, it displayed a Water Flux Recovery Ratio (FRR) of 72%. These findings underscore the effectiveness of incorporating Mg(OH)₂ as an additive in enhancing the performance of PES membranes for humic acid removal, with promising implications for water purification applications.

Abstract: The development of MWCNT mixed matrix membranes (MWCNT-MMMs) has shown good performance for gas separation. Interfacial interactions between the CNTs and the polymer and the dispersion of the MWCNTs in the polymeric matrix affects the overall performance of CNT mixed matrix membranes. Although CNTs properties are superior to other inorganic fillers but due to their chemically inert properties and inability to disperse in typical organic solvents, their applicability in industry is still uncertain. Typically, nanotubes are bound together by strong van der Waals interactions and form tight bundles. Therefore, MWCNTs tend to accumulate to each other in polymer matrix. This has been the biggest challenge in development of MWCNT-MMMs in producing defect free membranes. In this research, PES/Pebax-MWCNTs mixed matrix membraness were fabricated to capture carbon for natural gas. Sorbitol has been utilized in the fabrication of membranes to break the agglomeration of MWCNTs. In this study, the effect of MWCNTs loading and addition of sorbitol on the structure of synthesized membranes was analyzed using FESEM, DSC and FTIR. The incorporation of MWCNTs in the polymer matrix allows more active path for small molecules to flow across the membranes. The agglomeration of MWCNTs is more significant with the increase of fillers loading. Addition of sorbitol improved the morphology of membranes. Smooth surface of membranes with no agglomeration are observed for all MWCNTs loading (2-6 wt%). Glass transition temperature (T_g) was shifted to lower temperature with the addition of both MWCNTs and sorbitol.

Abstract: Petroleum-based polymers have significantly problems to the environment due to it cannot degrade in the nature. Biopolymer become to interesting materials for replacing these materials for overcome these disadvantages. Here, we intend to study the biocomposite films of polylactic acid (PLA) blend polybutylene succinate (PBS) composited with ZnO nanoparticles. The chemical reaction and the water absorbency of biocomposite films were investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy and swelling ratio, respectively. The FT-IR results showed that the biocomposite films did not have any chemical reactions between polymers chains and ZnO nanoparticles. The swelling ratio of biocomposite films have proportionally with the contact time. The photocatalytic activity of biocomposite film was investigated by the methylene blue degradation in the aqueous solution. It was found that the efficacy of photocatalytic activity increased with increases in the contact time.

Abstract: Nowadays some types of polymer are being developed as Polymer Light Emitting Diode (PLED) materials because they have some advantages compared to small molecule organic light emitting diode (SM-OLED). Polymers which have numerous conjugated double bonds can be used as PLED materials, such as the polyethersulfone (PES) and its derivatives. Therefore, further research on the synthesis of PES and its derivatives is needed to explore their potential as PLED materials. In this research, the synthesis of polyethersulfone has been performed utilizing Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS) method and subsequently the synthesized PES was being transformed into the nitrated PES (PES-NO₂) and the aminated PES (PES-NH₂) utilizing the conventional method (reflux). Polymer structure is elucidated through FT-IR and ¹H-NMR spectrum. Polymer application as PLED material is characterized by fluorescence emission spectrum. The maximum wavelengths in the fluorecence emission spectra of polymer in NMP were 444 nm for PES, 356 nm and 444 nm for PES-NO₂, also 440 nm for PES-NH₂.Based on the various analyses of data, the synthesis of PES, PES-NO₂, and PES-NH₂ has been successfully performed and all of polymers have the potent to be used as PLED materials because of its ability to emit light (blue) in the visible area.

Abstract: In this research work, polyethersulfone (PES) and polyethersulfone/polyvinyl acetate (PES/PVAc) blend were incorporated with 10 wt.% of TiO₂ nanoparticles to form mixed matrix membranes (MMM). FESEM and TGA were utilized respectively to scrutinize the morphology and thermal stability of the developed membranes. Permeation tests of ideal CO₂ and CH₄ gases were also conducted to assess the separation performance of resultant membranes. The PES/PVAc/TiO₂ polymer blend MMM was found to be the most thermally resistant and has the highest CO₂ permeability and CO₂/CH₄ selectivity as compared to the other membranes.

Abstract: In the last decade pervaporation membrane has become an antractive dehydration processs for azeotropic ethanol-water mixture. In this paper, chitosan-alginate/polyethersulfone (PES) composite membranes were prepared (by coating method) characterized as pervaporation membranes. The composite membranes were then examined to purify ethanol-water mixture. The characterization included degree of swelling both in water and ethanol, permeability measurement, surface morphology (by SEM) and surface chemistry (by FTIR). The results show that the increase in concentration of coating solution increases the degree of swelling in the water on the one hand, whereas the permeability and the degree of swelling in the ethanol decreases on the other hand. The highest permeability was obtained for the composite membrane prepared from a coating solution concentration of 1% with the ratio of chitosan to alginate was 0,33. The surface chemistry shows that the increase in concentration of chitosan - alginate solution increases the intensity of a specific wave number of C-O and C-N groups. Surface morphology indicates that the PES membrane surface is clearly covered by chitosan - alginate mixture. Performance examination demonstrates that the composite membrane prepared by 3% a coating solution (with the ratio of chitosan to alginate 3) can increase the bioethanol concentration from 95.5% to 99.6%.

Abstract: In particular, the PES substrate, the crystal structure of the amorphous as well as the surface morphology is not good. So research of thin films growth for epitaxial growth by the use of a buffer layer on the amorphous PES substrate is essential. Therefore, in this study, we deposited ZnO thin-film on PES substrate, and grown ZnO nanorods at various ZnO concentrations during 1 hour. We used SEM, XRD, and HP 4145B for observe the structural and electrical characteristics of ZnO nanorods. UV-visible spectrometer was used to get the band gap and transmittance.

Abstract: The synthesis of polyethersulfone (PES)/polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) blend membrane was successfully developed by dry phase inversion method. The membrane morphology characterized using Field Emission Electron Microscope (FESEM) showed both polymers were homogeneously mixed and a dense structure was formed. A shift in characteristic peak for most chemical groups was observed in blend membrane as analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis which suggests the presence of molecular interaction between the blend polymers. The permeability of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) gases was recorded at a constant pressure of 10 bars and room temperature. The permeability across polymer blend membrane showed better performance as compared with native polymer membrane.

Abstract: Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) with good solvent resistance was used in preparation of nanofiltration membrane. The preparation parameter such as PVA concentration, cross-linking agent concentration and reaction time are studied in detail. When the composite membrane was prepared under optimized conditions and tested at 0.4 MPa and 20 °C, the flux of the NF membrane was about 15 L/m²h and the Na₂SO₄ rejection of it was about 53.3%.