Papers by Keyword: PLA

Abstract: Today, biodegradable polymers are used to obtain various functional materials, including for the needs of agriculture. The article describes the current state of the production of polymeric materials, the problems of their operation, as well as the prospects for the creation of new polymeric biodegradable materials for agriculture. It is found that, depending on the method of obtaining a biopolymer-based material, its ability to diffuse water and water absorption is different – non-woven materials have higher performance than film materials. After seed germination, the thermophysical characteristics of the polylactide-based material change, the degree of crystallinity decreases by 7-10%, which indicates the destruction of the crystalline phase.

Abstract: The aim of this experimental research was to 3D-print a filament based on PLA plastic with a metallic powder. The filament contained approximately 80 – 90 % of copper powder. The base component of the filament is thermoplastic PLA, a polymer belonging to the group of aliphatic polyesters. Composites based on PLA and powders have different properties from traditional PLA filaments without admixtures. The created composite structure is intended for 3D printing with the FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) technology, using rapid prototyping. The printed samples were subjected to the sintering process. The fractures of the sintered samples were SEM and EDS analyzed.

Abstract: This study utilized the Philippine burley and native tobacco as reinforcing materials to Polylactic Acid (PLA) in creating novel natural fiber-thermoplastic 3D printing filaments. As a new material for 3D printing, the effects of fiber loading, fiber species, and printing pattern on the mechanical properties of the tobacco fiber-PLA composites were investigated. Regardless of tobacco species and fiber loading, the honeycomb pattern showed superior tensile strength than its rectilinear counterpart. The same trend was also observed in the impact strength of some tobacco-PLA samples. Increase in fiber loading on the other hand, decreased the flexural strength and flexural modulus of the tobacco fiber-PLA composites. The trends in the mechanical properties were then analyzed using 3D X-Ray Computed Tomography, which allowed analysis and visualization of voids and layer patterns.

Abstract: Rapid prototyping and additive manufacturing are the emerging trends in due to fast updating technology in all processing areas. An attempt is made in this paper to find the optimum parameters like layer thickness, infill pattern, ironing settings in Cura software interface. Two different filament material Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) materials are selected to make the products. The objective is to get fine surface finished products at the outer surface of the components. Keeping the machine parameters constant, the fabrication parameters of components are varied by Cura software interface. The surface finish of the components made is measured with surf-tester. It is observed that the smooth surface finish of 2.159 μm is obtained for ABS as filament material, line fill pattern, smaller internal layer thickness and larger top and bottom layer thickness.

Abstract: Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing is one of the most popular 3D printing technology today and its products is always interested to improving their mechanical properties by printed engineering parameters. In this study, the influences of infill density and printing pattern on mechanical properties of FDM 3D printing structure have been studied on some common printing materials including Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polylactic Acid (PLA), carbon fibre reinforced PLA composites (PLA-CF). Each material is printed with different patterns such as hexagonal, square, triangular, zigzag structures at 15% infill. Particularly for the triangle printed structure of ABS, there are three infill densities at 15 %, 25 % and 40 %. The experimental process has evaluated the strength and deformation of the printing patterns. The results have shown that the influence of printing patterns on compressive strength are significant because of the relationship between printing patterns and sample weight. Besides, infill density also have a great influence on the compressive strength of 3D printed products.

Abstract: Nowadays, Fuse Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology is being broadly applied in many fields. However, one of the major limitations of the current FDM technology is the surface roughness, an important criterion in evaluating the surface quality of mechanical products. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the surface quality of 3D printed products using FDM technology. In the paper, we study the effect of forming parameters on product surfaces roughness of parts manufactured by FDM technology on plastic materials Polylactic Acid (PLA). The experimental planning method and design of experiment (DOE) are applied to access and evaluate to find out the optimal forming parameters for plastic products by FDM technology.

Abstract: Fused Deposition Modeling, a great potential technology, has been increasingly applied in various industries as rapid prototyping for testing, casting prototyping and final products manufacturing. This widely usage comes with high products accuracy requirements. Currently, industrial 3D printers are very high in price that open-source low cost printers are the most suitable for hobbyist and researchers in the world. Therefore, research to improve product quality for low-cost 3D printers to serve industrial demand is greatly necessary. Realizing that in FDM technology, the feeding method is one of the important issues that determine the accuracy of printed products. The problem to be studied here is to design and manufacture a filament feeding system for a low-cost 3D printer and find out an optimal set of parameters for the fabricated feeder. This paper analyzes the feeding systems for 3D printers that have been used on the market, thereby offering a design and manufacturing feeder for the low-cost 3D printer. Then, experiments with Polylactic Acid (PLA) filament will be taken to check the accuracy of printed products and figure out the optimal set of technological parameters for the 3D printing process. Thereby improving product quality and shortening printing time. Continue to research and perfect the design can help commercialize low-cost 3D printers and stimulate research as well as 3D printing in industries.

Abstract: FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) technology, with outstanding advantages, has been increasingly applied in the fields of processing and manufacturing industry - a field with high demand for product quality. Feed system and technology parameters are one of the important factors directly affecting the product quality of FDM technology in particular and material extruding technology in general, especially when using soft, flexible materials such as TPU (Thermoplastic polyurethanes) and PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol). The purpose of this paper is to study the optimization of technology parameters for open source 3D printers to improve product quality of accuracy, surface roughness and shorten fabrication time when using these materials. Through the experimental process, on the self-designed and fabricated feeding cluster, the authors have identified the optimal set of parameters for the set goal. The team's next research direction is to continue to expand the material used, improving the mechanical durability of the product.

Abstract: Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is generally used to fabricate complex geometry structures and it has found applicability in various industries, such as the biomedical, aerospace, automotive, and building industries. As the mechanical properties and tribological behaviour of the 3D printing components are critical during operation, it is necessary to study the influence of process parameters and chemical composition on these specific characteristics. The paper aims to determine the coefficient of friction and wear behaviour of three different 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) materials in contact with a metallic counterbody. 3D printing process of the proposed PLA filaments was achieved by applying the FDM technique, using same deposition parameters for all three types of materials. Tribological characteristics of the 3D printed polymers were evaluated using pin-on-disk method and a comparison among the obtained frictional features of the specimens has been analyzed. The printed PLA samples show significant differences in sliding wear behaviour, the material loss of Co-reinforced PLA specimen is much more substantial than that obtained for PLA and tough PLA samples, due to the presence of metallic particles, hence for this specimen, an inferior wear resistance is attributed.

Abstract: Fused deposition modeling (FDM) has been developed to adapt more application with a wide variety of material used, especially metal filled PLA filament. However, choosing wrong PLA-based filaments’ process parameters is a popular situation that causes great product’s dimensional error. This research is focused on studying the difference in the input velocity parameters between PLA and PLA-copper filament. This paper presents a numerical nozzle model and use finite element analysis method to investigate the melted filament fluid behavior. Flow parameters such as pressure, melting temperature range and velocity were discussed in detail. Experiments were then carried to determine optimal printing velocity range of the two filaments. Results show that the filament input velocity has great influence on flow parameters as this velocity changes, the flow parameters change as well. Finally, based on the evaluation of dimensional accuracy of printed samples, the optimal input velocity for each type of filament has been found, which are 2 – 3.5 mm/s for PLA and under 5 mm/s for PLA-copper.