Papers by Keyword: Paper

Abstract: The high demand for cellulose paper made from hardwood (trees) is currently causing environmental damage because the hardwood used comes from logging a very large amount of land. This tree felling, if continuously carried out, will result in natural disasters such as floods, landslides and the extinction of some animals due to homelessness, on a large scale can also result in climate change globally due to an increase in geothermal temperatures. This study synthesised TKKS waste mixed with bacterial cellulose with a combination of 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% with the addition of CMC additives to strengthen the morphological quality of the resulting paper surface. The purpose of this study is to process cellulose fibres from TKKS waste mixed with bacterial cellulose reinforced with CMC additives to produce environmentally friendly paper. The addition of CMC additives is intended to improve the morphological properties of the paper surface that has been produced. So that the products produced are expected to have the potential to reduce dependence on paper made from hardwood (trees). The target of this research is to produce products that can be implemented as replacement paper that can be used in the graphic industry and society. The methods used in this study are a combination of mechanical processes, chemical processes, and chemical mechanical combinations. Then Next, conduct a paper feasibility test for writing and printing produced. Paper base material characterization test, paper surface morphology test is carried out to determine the quality of the paper produced.

Abstract: This study evaluates the effect of a starch-calcium carbonate coating on the quality of paper produced from empty fruit bunches (EFB) of oil palm. The primary objective is to assess the changes in water absorbance of the paper before and after the coating process. Samples of EFB paper were coated and subsequently tested using a Cobb tester to measure their water absorbance. The results indicate that the coating application significantly reduced the paper’ water absorbance. These findings suggest that a starch-calcium carbonate coating can improve the quality of paper made from agricultural waste. The implications of this research may lead to new opportunities for utilizing agro-industrial waste in the paper manufacturing industry.

Abstract: The results of experimental study of combustion peculiarities of typical materials (alcohol, paper, wood and textiles) in a small-sized unsealed chamber are presented. By the method of exponential filtering of measurements by traditional fire sensors of temperature, smoke density and carbon monoxide concentration of the gaseous medium in the ceiling area of the experimental chamber, the combustion peculiarities of these materials were revealed. It is established that the dynamics of temperature, smoke density and gas medium concentration in the ceiling area of the chamber during the ignition of alcohol, paper, wood and textiles has a complex and non-stationary character. This character of dynamics is caused by complex and invisible mechanisms of interaction at the molecular and macroscopic levels of combustion materials with the gas medium of the chamber. It was found that the beginning of combustion of materials is characterized by the signs of appearance of the trend of growth and increase of fluctuations of temperature, smoke density and carbon monoxide concentration of the gas medium. These signs are representative, which allows recommending them for current detection of material ignition in order to prevent fire in the premises.

Abstract: The Ecuadorian paper industry faces the constant challenge of seeking alternative raw materials to replace wood pulp in paper production and its derivatives to reduce production costs. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the quality properties of paper derived from bacterial cellulose from two of Ecuador's most abundant agricultural residues: banana peels and pineapple peels. The influence of the productivity parameters of the bacterial cellulose produced on the quality properties of the derived paper is established using multivariate statistical methodologies. Fifteen treatments with different carbon sources in the microorganism's culture medium were applied: medium with glucose (T1), media with banana peel extracts at various concentrations (T2-T8), and media with pineapple peel extracts at various concentrations (T9-T15). After obtaining the cellulose, additives and coating solutions were added to produce paper. The results showed that high concentrations of banana peel extracts (T5-T8) were significantly related to the weight and yield of bacterial cellulose, as well as the grammage and water content of the paper. This demonstrates that the quality of bacterial cellulose and the nutritional composition of banana peel extracts are optimal for efficient and sustainable paper production.

Abstract: Even though most information is digitized today, paper as a printing substrate is still essential. The quality of the paper depends on whether it has the properties required for its intended use, which will fundamentally rely on the raw materials used. Nowadays, the production of paper and board is increasingly focused on alternative non-wood raw materials. In this context, the main objective of this research is to improve the quality of prints on laboratory-made papers with supplementary barley pulp by coating the surface of the papers with titanium dioxide coating. Since laboratory-made papers were not subjected to the bleaching process and no additional surface treatments were used, TiO₂-based coating proved to be one of the ways to improve the quality of the prints on such substrates. In this study, it was concluded that TiO₂-based coating did not affect the colorimetric values of the black prints to the extent that it affected the colorimetric values of the magenta prints. However, density of printed inks was increased up to 14% for prints on laboratory-made papers with higher amount of barley pulp and TiO₂-based coating in two layers.

Abstract: Deforestation issues increased dramatically every year specially to produce paper. Therefore, to supplement the limited wood fibre resources, non-wood fibres especially sugarcane bagasse introduced an alternatives resolve for raw material is considered in paper-based industries. This study addresses the analysis of magnetic sugarcane bagasse materials as substitute fibres in papermaking. Paper is generally made with cellulose fibre which has some specific features used for educational, packaging, and cleaning purposes. Sugarcane bagasse (Saccarhum officinarum) is popular for its cellulose, holocellulose, and lignin that far more convenient than wood fibres. Meanwhile, the demands of magnetic material in magnetic papermaking industry has increased due to its excellent mechanical characteristics. As the magnetic paper shows some superiority in properties such as renewable use and folding resistance. The used of filler in this study is to alter the properties such as texture, opacity, brightness, dimensional stability, and overall printability. Thus, the used of ferrite (Fe) magnet as a filler can enhance the paper properties. Ferrite is recognized as a hard-magnetic material with distinct properties such as good mechanical hardness and chemical stability, therefore it is a much more convenient material for magnetic paper production. Through the observation under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the image obtained shows that magnetics sugarcane bagasse paper was more convenient to be used as an alternative for paper making. Next, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) recognizes the presence of a functional group of the magnetics sugarcane bagasse paper. Moreover, the chemical properties obtained from this study show that the magnetics sugarcane bagasse was as good as the commercial paper available in the industries. To increase the integrity of the paper, the radiation process by using gamma-ray was done to the paper to see the different for pre and post radiation.

Abstract: The need for pulp and paper currently in the whole world has become shooting up massively. The generation of the pulp, as well as paper from woody materials, has a challenge due to deforestation, huge chemical and energy consumptions. Now, an alternative source for paper is lignocelluloses wastes, because of low cost, low energy, and chemical consumption. Among them, the banana pseudostem was best for the input of pulp and paper production. This investigation was on the production and characterization of pulp from Banana Pseudo Stem for Paper Making via Soda Anthraquinone pulping process. The amount of cellulose (41.45%), ash (12.4%), hemicellulose (23.37%), extractive (12.72%), and lignin (10.46%) contents were obtained at the initial compositional evaluation of the pseudostem. It has excellent fiber length (1.75mm), fiber diameter (22.15μm), an acceptable Runkle ratio (0.55), and flexibility coefficient (159.64). The effect of temperature (130,140 and 150 °C), cooking time (45, 60, and 75 minutes), the concentration of soda (10, 12.5, and 15%), were examined. The maximum pulp yield and kappa number was 36.7% and 22.8 respectively obtained at 10% of soda concentration, at 150 °C, and 63 minutes of cooking time from oven-dried raw material. The produced paper from the banana pseudostem has a tensile index, tearing index, smoothness, and porosity were 78.75 Nm/g, 19.1 mN.m²/g, 500-530μm, and 50 sec/100ml air respectively. This study indicates that high strength mechanical property and good surface properties paper can be produced from banana pseudostem pulp with a more environmentally friendly pulping process.

Abstract: The generation of waste batteries is increasing yearly, and it is more prone to improper disposal resulting in environmental and health concerns. Treatment and handling of this waste are often costly and complex. Hence, an upcycling route to turn such waste into valuable material, specifically the production of graphene from graphite rods of waste batteries, was explored. Graphene dispersions were prepared by the solvent exfoliation of powdered graphite rods. A significant increase in the surface area was observed from 3.75 m² g^-1 (graphite rod powder) to 239.05 m² g^-1 (graphene powder) with a transparent sheet-like appearance. Then, the graphene dispersed in the solvent used for dip-coating of paper, cardboard, and composite plyboard. The tearing strength of paper and cardboard was improved by 70.6% and 31.0%, respectively. The compressive and shear strength of the composite plyboard increased by 14.8% and 72.0%, respectively. These results demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing the graphene solvent from graphite rods of spent primary batteries for the fabrication of composite samples with significantly augmented mechanical properties for various applications.

Abstract: This article presents the results of an experimental study of the effect of morphometric parameters of secondary cellulose fiber from various brands of waste paper on the strength characteristics of cement stone. The article is based on the results of determining the morphometric parameters of cellulose fibers. Visual analysis of microphotographs of cellulosic fibers showed that the smallest fractions of fibers were obtained from newspaper waste paper of grade MS-8V. A causal relationship has been established between the fiber content and the strength of an incident stone. It was found that samples with a content of cellulose fibers of 0.5-0.75% of the mass of cement have high strength. The most durable were samples with the addition of cellulosic fibers based on newspaper recycled paper MS-8V.

Abstract: Oil palm trunk is lignocellulose biomass and agricultural residual waste that has not been utilized to its maximum potential. The feasibility of paper production from oil palm trunk (OPT) was studied for one alternative application. OPT was treated with 8% (w/v) alkaline solution (NaOH), subsequently with a different concentration of H₂O₂ solution (2, 4, 6 and 8% w/v). The results showed that the brown color of OPP was converted to a pale yellow color after bleaching with H₂O₂ while hemicellulose and lignin were also removed. Arrowroot flour was used as a binder for mold oil palm paper. The optimum condition for oil palm paper production was 15% (w/v) NaOH for 60 min then 6 % (v/v) H₂O₂ for 30 min. The obtained OPP paper showed a density of 183.53 ± 1.86 g/cm³, a water absorption of 0.0904 ± 0.0010 mL/cm², a tensile index of 2.60 ± 0.07 Nm/g and a burst index of 1.22 ± 0.04 kPa m²/g. All value properties of the obtained OPP paper showed that the OPP value was lower than that of available commercial Kraft paper (KI125 and KT125). Meanwhile, this OPP paper process could continuously improve to be a container formation.