Papers by Keyword: Paperboard

Abstract: Investigations of the mechanical behaviors of the paperboard packaging materials has propelled to the forefront of the packaging industries owing to the anisotropic behavior of the paperboard materials. Paperboard materials undergo tensile forces during the creasing and folding operation. Therefore, the knowledge of the material tensile properties it is undeniably important to perform the operation without tearing the layers. Anisotropic behavior of the paperboard material is required to be addressed for the packaging material to be used effectively and efficiently. Paperboard material being anisotropic in nature have different properties in the Machine Direction (MD) and Cross Direction (CD). The paper focuses on the modelling of double layered paperboards with barrier elements either in aluminum or in Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH). A numerical model of the packaging material was developed in LS-DYNA environment showing good fitting with the physical tests.

Abstract: Paperboard based packaging products are renewable alternatives for packages made traditionally from oil-based polymer materials and can be used for packaging of various products [1]. Embossing is used in packaging solutions to increase the functionality and appearance of the products. It can also be used to increase product safety by improving distinctiveness and identifiability of packages [2]. The aim of the study was to evaluate the patternability of various fibre-based materials. It was desired that the accuracy and details of the embossed pattern would be the same in all samples, regardless of their different material properties. The realization of this was evaluated by several analyses related to the performance of the materials in the embossing process. Eleven different sample materials were collected for the experiments so that the patternability could be studied extensively. The common denominator of the materials selected for testing was that they were all fibre-based paper and paperboard materials used in the packaging industry. Set of embossing tools were developed, and precision machined from brass, for the experiments. A laboratory scale mechanical embossing device was utilized in modification of sample surfaces to study patternability of selected fibre-based sample materials. The main variables in the forming experiments were pressing force and tool temperature. The samples were observed primarily visually - with the naked eye, with a scanning electron microscope and a 3D-profilometer which was used in the topography analysis of the achieved patterns. The results of the embossing test series confirmed that the height of the pattern increased as a function of pressing force and plate temperature and spring back occurred in all materials after the tool plates opened. It was deduced that the pattern dimensions of the embossing plate somewhat determined the achievable pattern height in the fibre-based sample materials, but the amount of springback did not change as a function of material thickness. Despite this finding, it was consistent that the amount of spring back was regularly reduced with higher tool temperatures. The optimization study of the magnitude of the forming force showed that excessive use of force is not required, which is beneficial in reducing the risk of material damage during processing and adjustment of embossing devices. All samples differing significantly from each other were found to be suitable for embossing, indicating that patterns such as those tested could be added to a variety of packaging applications.

Abstract: Paperboard package properties can be improved by embossing functional features on package surfaces. Embossing is used in package manufacturing as an additional tool to improve the appearance of the packages. It can also be used to increase product safety by improving functionality and identifiability of packages. Creation of features directly on the base material without implementing additional components improves the sustainability level of package applications. To evaluate functionality of features, such as protective surface patterns, in the applicable practice, the following steps need to be gone through; design phase, tool manufacturing phase, pattern production phase and analysis phase. Bespoken toolsets were designed and manufactured to form a protective frame around commercial radio-frequency identification tag (RFID). The essential process parameters in the embossing experiments were the pressing force and the plate temperature which were optimized in preliminary tests. Methods for evaluating the performance of created embossed patterns were wear testing of package surfaces, topography measurement with a 3D profilometer and SEM-imaging for more detailed analysis. The results show that embossing is a suitable manufacturing method for creating targeted functional features on paperboard surfaces. With the formed surface features, the functionality of the packages was improved by protecting the identification labels.

Abstract: With the growing demand of sustainability and rising requirements by law and politics, paper as a natural, renewable fiber material is in the focus of research and production technology again. With this, requests for the predictability of material behavior during the production process rise. Especially in forming, interactions between work piece and the tool surface can have a major influence on the forming behavior. This study discuss available friction measurement systems for paper in the context of forming processes. Based on this a new friction measurement device is presented. Effects of the measurement setup on the contact pressure distribution during tests is reviewed experimentally and via FEA. Finally, the friction coefficient between an industrial paperboard with different material orientations and steel, at different velocities and contact pressures is investigated. A dependency between the contact pressure and the friction coefficient can be seen.

Abstract: Adsorption-desorption behavior of a novel humidity control paperboard was investigated on the conditions of different pretreatments and variable amounts of usage. The results revealed that the target humidity varied because of different moisture contents. In addition, the target relative humidity was about 50% with the moisture content being about 20%. The humidity control performance of the paperboard could be measured with initial 80% of relative humidity. The dosage ratio of sample to container is 1g/L. On the condition that the moisture content was 20%, when the usage ratio was less than 1, the target relative humidity decreased with the increasing ratio. Yet the target humidity of micro-environment changed little and the adsorption-desorption rate varied dramatically. Knowing the humidity control behavior of the composite paperboard is important for its application.

Abstract: Frozen food is popular with more and more customers nowadays, it's consumption is growing rapidly.The packaging of the frozen food usually uses paperboard. Frozen food may suffer temperature fluctuations in the process of storage, transportation and sales, which cause the paperboard sop up , the strength come down and packaging carton dilapidation. Paperboard should have moisture-proof, waterproof and high strength properties in order to ensure that the packaging carton have sufficient strength. In this paper, the methods and researches of obtaining moisture-proof and waterproof paperboard based on paperboard surface treatment and pulp preparation were introduced.

Abstract: The humidity control composite paperboard with excellent humidity control performance was prepared, comprising sodium chloride, anhydrous potassium carbonate, diatomite, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid-Na, carboxymethyl cellulose and self-made humidity control material. The moisture absorption and desorption rate of the sample are about 0.6231 (g/7h•g-1) and 0.5852 (g/7h•g-1), respectively. The equilibrium humidity fluctuates from 52% to 56% and moisture capacity is 31 %. Moreover, it can reach to the equilibrium levels within 60 minutes. Above all, it shows outstanding humidity control properties, meeting the requirement of micro-environment particularly for something sensitive to humidity such as cultural relic.

Abstract: Experiments were conducted to study which type of paperboard and process parameters are suitable for deep drawing of paperboard into trays. The tray is a shallow rectangle box with round corners, wavy bottom and indented walls. Paperboard used in this paper is anisotropic, and its mechanical properties include tensile strength and elongation. Results show that paperboard with the basis weight of 260g/m2 is the suitable type. Proper moisture can improve the tensile strength and ensure the surface quality. Improper blank shape and size can result in wrinkling and cracking.

Abstract: Alkyd resins were cheap and can perform good properties depend on the modification. In this study, commercial alkyd resins were blended with various proportions of phthalic anhydride and oil on solid. The solvent system showed a clear single phase solution and a clear coat of binder. All the blends were applied on duplex paperboards. The evaluation of coat ability in terms of drying time, adhesion, glossiness, rub resistance, and physical appearance were investigated.

Abstract: This paper presents some of the latest results of a research project aimed at using composite corrugated paperboard structures for protection of products against mechanical shocks and vibration during transportation and handling. Specifically, the behaviour of multi-layered corrugated paperboard (MCPB) under shock loading is investigated. Conventionally, packaging cushion design requires the determination of the maximum expected shock levels or equivalent drop which are usually determined from statistical analysis of original field measurements. With this approach, it is generally acknowledged that the cushioning element is engineered to provide adequate protection for statistically likely events but not for extreme events with low statistical likelihood. It is reluctantly accepted that, should it occur, the latter will result in damage to the product. MCPB can be formed with a broad range of compressive characteristics and with various proportions of elastic and plastic behaviour. The objective of this experimental investigation was to determine the optimum elastic/plastic proportion to extend the protective range to include large shock levels. The experimental results obtained include the effects of compression history on the stress-strain properties of MCPB as well as the behaviour of the material in both virgin and pre-compressed form under impulsive loads. The mechanism of deformation of the corrugations (flutes) was studied using high-speed video equipment. The complex acceleration signals produced during deformation of the composite corrugated paperboard cushions under shock loading were analysed by means of the shock response spectrum. Experiments have shown that inserting a sacrificial crumple element of virgin corrugated paperboard at the optimum contact area ratio dramatically lowers the overall level of the resulting shock response spectrum. This has the effect of increasing the allowable drop height for a limited number of extreme events. The main conclusion of the research is that MCPB in both virgin and pre-compressed forms can be combined to provide significantly enhanced protection to products against mechanical hazards during distribution.