Papers by Keyword: Petroleum

Abstract: Petroleum production always comes accompanied by some contaminants, including CO₂. Recent pre-salt exploration in Brazil indicates significant carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration levels. Whereas in post-salt areas a ratio of 1 to 2% in CO₂ concentration was observed, in the pre-salt area this molar ratio increased to 15 to 20% in relation to the gas phase, and were even higher in some cases. Several challenges have emerged in the production, treatment and disposal of oil with such high levels of CO₂. The aim of this study is to show the management of CO₂ in a pre-salt producing platform whose CO₂ content is about 18% molar in the gas phase. The focus is on the operational aspects of daily production, where theoretical analyses are compared with the data observed in the field. Scenarios of production, injection, treatment and export are presented with emphasis on the aspects of flow assurance, the characterization of fluids, the integration of the injection-production-export system, and the dilution of CO₂.

Abstract: The paper presents results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigations, differential thermal and elemental analyses, and infrared (IR) spectroscopy of micron powders obtained by thermal decomposition of cupric and nickel oxalates before and after their blending with oil. The oil treatment modifies the powder compositions, heteroorganic compounds extracted from oil are observed on their surface. The analysis shows that materials based on copper and nickel micron powders can be used for the prepurification of crude hydrocarbons from heteroatomic compounds.

Abstract: The main objectives of this work were the production of Ca₂MgWO₆ ceramic by sintering and the investigation of its reactivity to crude petroleum. A synthesis was prepared with stoichiometric amounts of CaO, MgO and WO₃. The reagents were characterized according to chemical composition. The synthesis was characterized by size distribution and thermal analysis. A green compact of the synthesis was calcined at 1200 °C and analyzed by XRD. The result showed that the calcined material consists predominantly of a complex perovskite-type Ca₂MgWO₆ ceramic. The calcined material was fragmented in a ball mill and used to prepare three green compacted to be sintered at temperatures of 1250, 1300 and 1350 °C. The sintered material was evaluated by linear shrinkage, microhardness, SEM, microanalysis by dispersive energy and stability tests in crude petroleum. The results showed that it is possible to produce a material with 74.5 % of Ca₂MgWO₆ and that is inert to crude petroleum.

Abstract: Petroleum engineering is advancing to exploit deeper and more unstable formations. Therefore, the knowledge of how the reservoir behaves with production has to increase significantly. That is why in the study of reservoir engineering simulation is necessary: to understand how the reservoir behaves without actually having a producing well to perform monitoring on. Brazil, as one of the leading entrepreneurs in non-traditional wells, needs engineers who have the know-how in reservoir engineering. A fluid flow simulator has been developed with an input of the geological information of the formation in which the reservoir is, the desired production, how many and what types of wells (production or injection) are to be installed and how long will be the horizon of study. The simulator is designed to solve the derived multi-linear system of differential equations thru numerical analysis. The output is point-to-point graphics of pressure, fluid flow and loss of pressure due to production. These outputs have direct application for academic purposes, showing to first-timers what is the optimal project of production for a reservoir, where the wells should be located to give maximum production with minimum effect to internal pressure, this way increasing the lifespan of the reservoir itself.

Abstract: A discussion about the current scenario of oil shale as a source of oil is carried out here, pointing out some challenges to enable its feasibility aiming to promote the development in the mining industry sector. Considering factors such as production costs, petrol prices, environmental damage, among others, an intractable exploration occurs in most cases. More specifically in Brazil, these resources may play a key role to the nation's interests. With an economy notably in full growth, the country has one of the largest deposits of oil shale in the world. Under this context, although the research analyzes this question in a global way, its focus is to study factors that may enable an economic feasible exploration of oil shale mainly in Brazil.

Abstract: This work has as main objectives to produce the ceramic Sr₂MgWO₆ and evaluate their reactivity to petroleum. Powders of SrCO₃, MgO and WO₃ were selected, taken in stoichiometric amounts and synthesized by conventional route. The synthesis was characterized by size distribution, specific surface area and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The synthesis was also fragmented into ball mill and characterized by specific surface. It was compacted, then was calcined at 1200 °C and analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The powders Sr₂MgWO₆ with perovskite structure were compacted and sintered at 1250, 1300 and 1350 °C. The materials produced were evaluated by microhardness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffraction of X-rays and tests submersion in petroleum. The results showed that the ceramics have high microhardness and potential to be used in chemically aggressive environments such as petroleum.

Abstract: Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were extensively studied in many environment. However, little is known about them in drill cuttings, as wastes from drilling process. A phosphate-solubilizing bacterium strain PSB13 was isolated from petroleum-contaminated drill cuttings. This strain was identified as Pseudochrobactrum sp. based on its 16S rDNA sequence and phenotypic characteristics. This strain could solubilize 97.6 μg/ml phosphates in 6 days when grown in NBRIP liquid medium. The increase in solubilization of phosphate coincided with the drop in pH, which indicates organic acid was responsible for the phosphate-solubilization. Phosphate-solubilizing bacterium was reported in drill cuttings for the first time, which suggests its potential in the bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated drill cuttings.

Abstract: Ordos basin is prolific in petroleum, natural gas, and coal resources, and is an important energy base in our country. The petroleum distributes in Jurassic to be subjected by the eroding river valley and Triassic to be subjected by depositional system of delta. The natural gas distributes in Upper Paleozoic to be controlled by the delta depositional system and Lower Paleozoic to be controlled by the fossil weathered crusts. The coal distribute in Permo-Carboniferous, Triassic and Jurassic, which has been controlled by the turning stage of tectonism and palaeokarsts. The distribution of oil, gas and coals present the regulation in the basin, but the styles that the dissimilarity structure unit to places have the bigger difference. In order to reduce the exploration cost, the petroleum, natural gas and coals should carry on comprehensive exploration.

Abstract: Petroleum resources is important strategic energy of our country. With the development of social economy, the status of petroleum in our country increasingly growth, as a kind of basic energy, its industry chain involving widely, the change of petroleum price will influence the national industrial economy, enterprise development and residents' living standard and so on. The paper use CGE, researching on the 21 industries impacted by petroleum price, and summarize relevant conclusions and suggestions.

Abstract: Because the petroleum production is larger investment, higher risk, and the traditional risk evaluation tools usually gave an evaluated value only, which being not in accord with the actual, the paper introduces the ideas of Value at Risk into the Human Errors (HEs) quantification for the petroleum operation, and develops the the model of Human Errors at Risk (HEaR) to quantify the HEs. The model can in detail depict the actual risk statuses of production system under different risk conditions.