Papers by Keyword: Pigment

Abstract: In this study, photo-bioreactor designed with 4 L of volume to cultivate Chlorella sp. was conducted for comparing the differences of biomass increase among three gas flow rates. All experiments were controlled at light reaction of 12 hrs. with 1,700 lux. The organic fluorescence of algae, expressed in excitation emission fluorescent matrix (EEFM), was obtained from algal solution deducted from EEFM of the filtrate obtained from the filtration of algal solution using 0.2 μm membrane filter. Also, the surface charge and functional group for Chlorella sp. were respectively measured by zeta meter and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Biomass was measured by absorbance wavelength of 683 nm or dried biomass. Current results reveal that high flow rate produced more biomass than low flow rate did. Regarding to the fluorescent characteristic derived from Chlorella sp., two peaks were appeared in both wavelengths of excitation and Emission (EX/EM) respectively located at 280/330 nm (protein-like) and 440-480/680 nm (pigment). For the variation of autofluorescent intensities during algal incubation, algal image captured by epofluorescent microscope equipped with CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) could be further dealt using image software, showing that there were divergences of fluorescent intensities derived from varied amount of protein-like substance or pigment. Functional group of Chlorella sp. analyzed by FTIR, hydroxyl, peptidic bond, carboxylic acids and polysaccharide were existed with variations of transmittance (%) while gas flow rate was changed.

Abstract: The Paper studied the effects of pigments and base paper on binder migration and affected factors. The z-direction distribution of the coating binder which was tagged with Br in coating layer and its concentration in coating surface were examined quantitatively by using SEM-EDXA and ESCA analysis. The results showed that the increase of the ratio of calcium carbonate in the pigment content, coating surface binder concentration increased, and coating surface binder concentration increased with the increase of particle size of pigments. The result also indicated to small base paper absorbency, coating surface has high binder migration level, the coating layer bottom (base paper direction) has low binder concentration. To high absorbency base paper, the opposite is true.

Abstract: In this paper, two newly explored TiO₂ photocatalyst sensitized with commercial stable pigment (BYH3G and PR254) were prepared and characterized by FT–IR, UV–Vis, XRD and N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms. The adsorption capacities and the photocatalytic activities of as-prepared photocatalysts were evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of Methyl Orange and Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation. The as-prepared photocatalysts displayed high visible light photocatalytic activity than pure TiO₂ under the same conditions. The photocatalytic activity can be reproduced commendably demonstrates that the as-prepared photocatalysts are stable and renewable, which are potentially important properties in the application of industrial wastewater treatment.

Abstract: In this work, a high performance, environmentally friendly and waterborne inorganic zinc-rich coating based on geopolymer was developed and applied as protective coating of steel substrate. The geopolymer was the main ingredient of the zinc-rich paint (ZRP), and the zinc powder and additives were added to geopolymer to prepare ZRP. The corrosion protection behaviors of ZRP with different kinds of zinc powder and various zinc contents were characterized by electrochemical protection performance test. The results showed that coatings with 55 wt% spherical zinc powder and 25 wt% lamellar zinc powder exhibited good corrosion resistance mainly because of the cathodic protection and barrier effect.

Abstract: The intention of this paper is to review of some recent innovative novelties about paper and board pigment coating raw materials. First an overview is given of “traditional” coating raw materials and the coating process. Then new starch based pigments and binders as well as novel plastic pigments are reviewed regarding their effect on coated paper properties. Finally it is concluded that further innovations and research are needed.

Abstract: Sampled with the pigments extracted from Chinese chestnut shell by alkali solution, chromaticity with protein and starch and chromaticness and red index are related to. The characteristics were compared with that of the standard caramel pigment. Methods were used by spectrometer and colorimeter. Compared with caramel pigments, better chromaticity and stability with starch and protein, lower chromacticness and higher red index of pigments in shell were shown.

Abstract: The physical structure and chemical properties of coating layer have an important influence on transferring and setting of the printing ink. In this study, the effect of pigment on coating layer structure and surface properties was investigated. The surface topography was explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The findings indicated that the pigment affected the pore size, depth and distribution of the coated paper surface. The conclusions were drawn that coating could improve coating surface topography and calcium carbonate pigment compared with kaolin pigment was not good to the paper surface properties, which resulted in high roughness, low paper gloss, high ink absorption and low paper surface efficiency.

Abstract: With a view to developing UV curable systems from renewable biocompatible raw materials, the present work deals with the encapsulation of pigments with polysaccharide derivatives that can undergo crosslinking upon exposure to UV radiation. Maleate ester derivatives were prepared in anhydrous conditions using maleic anhydride in the presence of pyridine. Encapsulation of the pigment core in the prepared UV curable systems occurred by applying the prepared guar derivative as a shell material in a UV curable formulation that can be induced by a photoinitiator. Encapsulation is done by the o/w/o miniemulsion polymerization technique. In another approach, and for the sake of comparison, microencapsulation was performed via chemical crosslinking of the prepared guar maleate derivative in a W/O emulsion .The resultant nanocapsules were characterized using FTIR, DSC, and SEM. The nanocapsules were spherical with average particle size of 100 nm.

Abstract: Effects of various treatments with distilled water, absolute ethyl alcohol, and ethanol solution assisted with ultrasonic wave and supercritical CO₂ on the structure, thermal stability and surface morphology of naturally green cotton were tested by Colorimeter, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), optical microscope and HVI 900A cotton fiber detector. Results showed that ultrasonic wave contributed to pigment extraction and supercritical CO₂ treatment promoted pigment to move outward causing deepening color. The data indicated that these treatments had no significant impacts on supramolecular structure, heat-resistant quality, and single fiber strength of green cotton.

Abstract: Response surface methodological studies of extraction technology of pigment from black rice was carried out by a two-level fractional factorial design involving four variables, namely extraction time (min), extraction temperature (°C), liquid-solid ratio (ml/g), extract concentration (%). The results indicated maximum extraction efficiency at 30 min, 70 °C, with 8 ml/g liquid and solid ratio and 75% extract concentration, which was also verified by experimental data. 84.58% pigment can be extracted from black rice when the extraction progression is one.