Papers by Keyword: Plant

Abstract: Rice (Oryza sativa) is the most important source of food which provide diet to more than 50% of Nigerias population. A principal objective in modern agriculture is to enhance productivity while adhering to ecological principles, creating a demand for sustainable pest management strategies like biocontrol agents (BCAs). The fungus Trichoderma, a prominent BCA, employs a multi-enzymatic system to exert its biocontrol effects. Its efficacy is largely attributed to enzymes that degrade pathogen cell walls, improve resilience against biotic and abiotic stressors, and support robust hyphal development. Trichoderma viride was isolated and identified using morphological and molecular techniques, with ITS sequencing and subsequent BLAST analysis on the NCBI database. The experiment consists of four treatments (FAR044; treated with Trichoderma viride and control; SIPPIRICE; treated with Trichoderma viride) laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD). The result demonstrated statistically significant enhancements in plant growth parameters due to Trichoderma viride treatment, with P-value of (p = 0.001) for treatment type, (p = 0.001) for time (week), and (p = 0.002) for the treatment-time interaction. By Week 5, Trichoderma viride-treated Far044 plants exhibited a mean height of 10.0 ± 0.8 cm, leaf blade length of 6.0 ± 0.5 cm, and 8.0 ± 0.6 shoots per plant, surpassing untreated controls by 34.5%, 32.1%, and 53.8%, respectively. Cohen's d effect sizes for these parameters were substantial: 1.5 (plant height), 1.4 (leaf size), and 1.7 (shoot number), all indicative of large treatment effects. Sippirice plants displayed analogous trends but with reduced increments: 7.2 cm height gain (vs. 10.0 cm in Far044), 4.3 cm leaf expansion (vs. 6.0 cm), and 6.5 shoots (vs. 8.0), reflecting varietal differences in growth responsiveness. These findings position Trichoderma viride as a sustainable alternative to chemical fungicides, particularly for resource-constrained regions like Nigeria and promote the Growth of plant and ultimately increased the grain yield significantly compared to control without any hazardous effect on the environment.

Abstract: Methods of assessing the intensity of plant growth in soils contaminated with elements of heavy metals as a result of military operations can provide important data regarding the migration, bioavailability of chemical compounds for plants, as a result of the formation of chemical compounds, which are key parameters for assessing the phytoremediation potential. The use of various methods of assessing the impact of heavy metals in the soil on plant growth can be evaluated not only based on the degree of environmental risk, but also predict the magnitude of the impact of a complex of chemical elements taking into account synergistic factors based on a statistical assessment based on the Pearson and Spearman complex. It was established that the mutual influence on the formation of active compounds in the soil significantly affects the intensity of plant growth and, accordingly, the negative correlation of the Pearson coefficient with the concentration of heavy metals in the soil for such as Cd, Cr and Ni. A positive correlation in the range of 0.75-0.89 is typical for soil samples with copper, lead, zinc and titanium. The impact of potentially toxic elements on the biometric parameters of plants was determined using germination tests. Slowdown of plant growth in the range of 5-10% was observed for soils with excess content of elements in the following sequence: zinc, lead, nickel, copper, chromium, cadmium and titanium.Statistical analysis was performed based on the results of biometric parameters of plants from germination tests. The application of the t-test (Shapiro-Wilk, p>0.05) established statistical differences in the homogeneity of the dispersion and the normality of the distribution. Under the condition (p=0.05) of normal distribution, the Mann-Whitney test was used. At p>0.05, the Brown-Forsyth test was used to analyze homogeneity of variances with a normal distribution. The use of the Welch test made it possible to establish the fact whether the distribution is normal for homogeneous and heterogeneous dispersion. Based on the Statistica 13.1 program, it was established that the Welch test data confirm the normal distribution of various types of variance.

Abstract: In this research study, the feasibility of renewable energy based green house was investigated for sustainable food production under arid climatic conditions. The novel hybrid biomass based matrix (Coco Date Palm Coir matrix), was synthesized from Oman’s date palm tree fibers and coconut coir. The characterization of the matrix was done in terms of bulk density (0.09 g/cc), particle density (0.23 g/cc), porosity (61%), moisture content (37.4%) and water holding capacity (65.6%). The hydroponic system based greenhouse employing evaporative cooling based climate control technique is used for the identification of novel plant growth matrix for the successful demonstration of plant growth. The experimental trials were conducted over the one-year period with dedicated cycles with average 7-8 weeks duration. The experiments conducted verified the growth of Lettuce over two cycles and the plant growth rate and wet biomass are recorded and compared. The growth of the plant attained at the end of week 5 was 175 mm and the maximum growth of 293 mm at the end of 58 days.

Abstract: Ethylene is a plant growth regulator (PGR) that mainly influences on growth and development of plant and their agricultural productivity. Ethylene producing from plant tissue is a physiological indicator which refers to the maturity, senescence, or stress of plants. Therefore, a monitoring level of ethylene in plant tissue is necessary for research and commercial processes. Current method measuring gaseous ethylene is costly and take a long time. This research established a new method to quantify ethylene gas in water immersed plant by using an oxidation reaction between oxidizing agent (KMnO₄) and alkene functional group of ethylene under acidic solutions. Then, the leftover KMnO₄ in solution was quantitatively evaluated by spectrophotometry method. An absorbance at the wavelength 525 nm were compared to the standard curve. The purple intensity of KMnO₄ inversely relates to the concentration of ethylene. Water immersions of leaf and flower samples which have different in dissolved ethylene were analyzed under this method. The result showed the difference in ethylene emission between plant varieties (normal tobacco and less-ethylene emission tobacco), plant organs (leaf and flowers) and also organ senescent levels. The result indicates that the concentration of ethylene in water is concordant with the physiology of tobacco leaf and flower. Therefore, the ethylene level in water immersed plant sample can be estimated by this established method.

Abstract: Moringa oleifera Lamk (Moringaceae) is a worldwide use for food and traditional medicine. In this study, plants were separated into seven parts: 1) Leaf, 2) Drum, 3) Branching, 4) Seed, 5) Outer stem, 6) Stem bark, and 7) Root, respectively. Then, they were extracted by two different methods: methanol soxhlet extraction and ethanol maceration. All crude extracts were tested for anti-bacterial activity by agar diffusion method and colorimetric micro-dilution plate technique. The results showed that 7 parts of Moringa crude extracts had low anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa when compared with standard antibiotic (ampicillin or gentamycin). In conclusion, anti-bacterial effects of M. oleifera crude extracts had low anti-bacterial activity in vitro test.

Abstract: Test by establishing different embankment flowing systems studied the combination of different substrates and different plants purification efficiency and the effect on the stability of the efficiency of the flowing system. Results show that, the mixed matrix(loess, sand and brown loam) is more efficiency than the single matrix, especially for suspended solid (SS), ammonia (NH₃-N), total phosphorus (TP) removal, the removal rate is over 60%. Tall fescue (Festuca elata Keng ex E. Alexeev) is more suitable for the flowing system than perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). And, long running of the system is possible.

Abstract: In the traditional slope engineering, the slope processing mainly emphasizes the strength effect, and ignore the damage to the environment. Along with people are to landscape and strengthening of environmental protection consciousness, the slope protection method of tradition can not satisfy the requirement of people.Use Interaction of plant roots and rock-soil body to reinforcement and anchorage on the slope surface protection and reinforcement, which can meet the design requirement for stability of slope surface and restore the damaged natural ecological environment. This paper set up the relations between the tensile strength of plant root and the root diameter, establish the theoretical calculation model of the interaction between plant roots and soil, and study the strengthening of plant roots to soil.

Abstract: Air pollution tolerance index (APTI) is used by landscapers to select plant species tolerant to air pollution. The present study evaluated APTI for selected ten common plant species, which were fumigated with 40 ppb sulfur dioxide (SO₂) gas for 210 days. The APTI is used by landscapers to select plant species tolerant to air pollution. In order to develop the usefulness of plants as indicators requires an appropriate selection of plant species, which is of utmost importance in specific situations. Four biochemical parameters, including ascorbic acid content, leaf extract pH, total leaf chlorophyll, and leaf relative water content were used to develop an APTI. The results showed that plants have the potential to serve as excellent quantitative and qualitative indices of pollution. Since biomonitoring of plants is an important tool by which to evaluate the impact of air pollution on plants, Diospyros maritime is a good selection as an index of SO₂ pollution. The order of tolerance in SO₂ as Diospyros maritime > Diospyros discolor > Decusscarpus nagi > Cerbera manghas > Delonix regia > Melia azedarach > Machilus zuihoensis > Ficus sepitca > Erythrina variegate > Messerschmidia argentea.

Abstract: The comprehensive evalution of the different plant communities diversity and degradation of Prairie Meadows. The result showed that, with the increase of grassland degradation degree, the composition of communities species was single, quantity gradually decreased, the change of species important value was obvious, the communities coverage, the communities height, ground production value was obvious decreasing trend; Plant communities a:diversity index, Margalef abundance, Simpson:advantage index Shanon-wiener:diversity index and Pielou:a verage index all have obvious decreasing, communities of similarity index has increasing trend. At the basis of indicator System fuzzy comprehensive evaluation review that the rang of indicating degree respectively:vegetation communities fence:1～0.7370,light grazing areas:0.7370～0.8117,moderate grazing areas:0.8117～0.4890,heavy grazing area:0.4890～0.

Abstract: In order to improve the decision performance and dynamic prediction function of expert system, then the simulation model and knowledge technology are proposed. The paper explores growth model of plant, firstly the architecture and functional modules of system are introduced, then the expert system and growth model of plant are combined to carry out decision-making on the growth of plant, and the real-time decision making is proposed according to changing conditions. The result has shown that the system can achieve desired goal, and can provide suggestion for the growth management of plant.