Papers by Keyword: Plastic

Abstract: Advanced developed technologies associated with people demands have caused production and expansion of different local wastes where the process of managing such waste becomes a real need for controlling the pollution risk. One of the procedures for recycling can be made through using local wastes in permeability control for sandy soil since the soil permeability plays a crucial function on the water drainage, pore water pressure buildup and dissipation, and ground movement for saturated sand during and after earthquake occurrences. In addition, any economical mixture should maintain hydraulic constraints for practice use. In this study, a laboratory experiment was prepared to perform tests for estimating the water movements and permeability in a pure sand column and treated sandy soil with different locally waste materials including plastic, glass, rubber, and aluminum. In addition, a numerical investigation including finite element method has been adopted to verify the experimental procedure. It was shown that the permeability could be controlled to different rates using these local wastes.

Abstract: The surface treatment conditions of a plastic surface are related to the quality of finished products. Usually, more than 20 causes dominate the success of electroplating for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Thus, the quality control is very complicated and challenging. Even nowadays, most of the production quality still relies on the operator's experience and intuition. This research takes a company of water hardware in Taiwan as the research object. We propose a revolutionary concept of quality management, combining artificial intelligence and surface treatment process altogether. We set up a parameter monitoring system during production to predict the quality of ABS metallization using neural network models such as artificial intelligence forms the basis of the intelligent manufacturing system. It can be used as a quality control tool to improve quality yield and industrial competitiveness. Totally 13 operational parameters (causes) and one quality parameter (consequence) of the electroplating tanks were collected from time to time to build the NN models. Interestingly, we finally find the fuzzy NN model performs better than the precise NN model. We conclude this is resulting from the limitation and vagueness of data.

Abstract: Additive manufacturing is rapidly developing technology in all areas of industry. It is reducing the delivering time of each prototype from the manufacturer to the final user. This paper deals with mechanical properties of lattice structures. They are produced by additive technologies from the plastic material. Lattice structures are special space-filling unit cells, which can fill gaps in parts. They have good ratio between overall weight and strength. Nowadays are these structures commonly used, but their mechanical properties are not well described. This makes the design process difficult. Mechanical compressive test and virtual evaluation by the finite element method was performed. It was done for three different Quad-Diametral structures (Quad-Diametral, Quad-Diametral-Line and Quad-Diametral-Cross). Results from both testing approaches (real measurement and finite element method) are deeply described in this paper. It was shown, that the Quad-Diametral-Cross lattice cell has higher mechanical properties comparing to others. Increasing of the stiffness was 121% only with weight higher by 43%. The plastic material Ultimaker PLA (polyactic acid) was used as reference material in this research.

Abstract: Ultrasonic welding is a fast and economical solution for plastic parts. This article proposes Ultrasonic Welding as an alternative technology for manufacturing deodorant roll-on plastic balls. With the current technology, the manufacturing of these balls results in an uneven wall thicknesses and a large technological runner of material that needs to be grinded and reintroduced into the injection equipment.The proposed method of manufacturing these deodorant balls is to form the ball from two ball halves joined together by ultrasonic welding. This process will result in significant savings in raw materials and energy.Further improvements of welding parameters and dimensions are required prior the transfer on high productivity manufacturing lines. This technology can be assimilated into other applications where hollow balls of plastic are used.

Abstract: There is serious concern that fat-soluble phthalates such as di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, or DEPH. Phthalates are not chemically bonded to the PVC and will with time escape by evaporation or by extraction when in contact with liquids. Raman spectroscopy excited with a 785 nm laser can be used to determine the content of plasticizers in commercial flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) construction plastics. This method is very convenient for rapid non-destructive remote determination of phthalates, such as for quality control of production lines, quality control or at customs.

Abstract: In our research the influence of thermal heating on the release of plasticizers from plastics into the meat product and water was researched. The two most widely used plasticizers, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), were detected. Both of the plasticizers have a negative effect on the health. And both are regulated by regulation of the European Union. In this study were researched phthalates in products prepared by sous-vide technology and it was studied effect of reheating on migration of phthalates. The average concentrations of both phthalate esters, DBP and DEHP, in heated water decreased. The average concentration of DBP in water before heating was detected 0.82 mg/100 ml and after heating 0.52 mg/100 ml, the average concentration of DEHP in water before heating was established 0.33 mg/100 ml and after heating 0.19 mg/100 ml. In plastic wraps, average DBP concentration with reheating increased and average DEHP concentration with reheating dropped. The average DBP concentration in plastic packaging, heating at 60 °C/12 h was determined of 9.87 mg/dm² after reheating 60 °C/1 h was detected of 15.40 mg/dm². The average concentration of DEHP in plastic packaging, heating at 60 °C/12 h was determined of 58.71 mg/dm² and after reheating 60 °C/1 h was detected of 28.28 mg/dm². The average DBP concentration in meat products due to reheating decreased, the average DEHP concentration in meat products increased. The average DBP concentration in meat products heating at 60 °C/12 h was detected of 8.39 mg/g dry matter and after reheating of 6.43 mg/g dry matter, the average DEHP concentration heating at 60 °C/12 h was determined of 25.37 mg/g dry matter and after reheating of 65.51 mg/g dry matter..

Abstract: This paper shows the results of the mechanical characterisation of a series of new sustainable polymeric formulations filled with almond shell and cellulosic fibres for its use in rotomoulding process. Up to ten formulations of polyethylene and polycaprolactone, were developed with a content from 10 to 40 wt% of natural filler. The addition of these fillers decreased the mechanical properties, mainly when the formulation was carried out by physical mixing. However, good interfacial interaction between the polymer and filler was produced in the compounding process, obtaining final formulations appropriated for rotomoulding.

Abstract: The current work reports on the fabrication of composite matrix from saw dust (SD) and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) at different weight ratio by flat-pressed method. Wood plastic composites (WPCs) were made with a thickness of 15 mm after mixing the saw dust and PET followed by a three phase press cycle. Physical properties (Density, Water Absorption (WA) and Thickness Swelling (TS)) and Mechanical properties (Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR)) were determined base on the mixing ratios according to the standard. WA and TS were measured after 2 h and 24 h of immersion in water. The results showed that as the density increased, the SD content decreased from 90 % to 50 % into the matrix. However, WA and TS decreases when the PET content increased in the matrix. Remarkably, the MOE and MOR attained a maximum point at 964.199 N/mm² and 9.03 N/mm² respectively in 50 % SD content. In comparism with standard, boards D and E can be classified as medium density boards while A, B and C are low density boards. The results indicated that the fabrication of WPCs from sawdust and PET would technically be feasible for indoor uses in building due to favorable physical properties exhibited. The mechanical properties response showed that it cannot be used for structural or load bearing application.

Abstract: Composites based on PVC-plastic and molybdenum compounds were obtained. Thermostability and mechanical properties of the obtained compounds were studied. High thermal stability of the obtained PVC compounds was found. It is shown that molybdenum compounds effectively bind hydrogen chloride and catalyze structural changes in macromolecules. At the same time, the introduction of molybdenum compounds in PVC-plastic does not lead to deterioration in the mechanical properties of the material.

Abstract: Commercial production of synthetic resin has begun at the beginning of the XX century. In 1950s in the USA, small-span dome roofs, scanner assemblies and spherical hangars for radars made of plastic began to appear. Later, invention of reinforced plastics gave a possibility to use them in thin-walled shells for civil and industrial buildings. The subject of the paper associates with today’s renewed interest in thin shells. The modern theoretical base of strength analyses of composite structures give a possibility to design different structures and buildings. The possibility of the application of composites as the basic elements of thin-walled shell structures of industrial and civil purpose are illustrated by the concrete examples. The paper presents information on the well-known composite shells of positive Gaussian curvature in the form of spherical and umbrella domes or with more complex middle surfaces and presents materials that are absent in other publications. The paper contains 9 figures and 15 references.