Papers by Keyword: Polyethylene

Abstract: The basic task of packaging is to protect the product from mechanical, physicochemical and biological changes. Inappropriate material and incorrectly selected packaging can significantly affect the qualitative characteristics of the product as well as the shelf life of the packaged content. Packaging materials are chosen based on the characteristics of the product to be packaged, the intended packaging procedure, and the required shelf life of the product. The strictest requirements apply to packaging materials for food and pharmaceutical products. Polymeric materials are used as monomaterials or in combination with other materials. This paper will present the results of testing polymer materials used for the production of food products. Among the characteristics, the results of tests of elongation at break and tensile strength will be presented. The investigated materials were polymer films produced by the coextrusion process (PE/PA/PE and PP/PA/PP) and polymer materials for the production of glasses for dairy products (polystyrene tape, polypropylene compound tape and polypropylene tape with a barrier layer).

Abstract: Addition of high percentage of palm stearin (PS) into a blend with high density polyethylene (HDPE) may result in the blend instability and poor flowability of the composite during injection moulding process. The undesirable effect of the PS addition arises from lack of interaction between the PS and HDPE matrix. To improve the interaction between the two components, a compatibilizer was added to the blend. The objective of this work is to study the effect of glycerol monostearate (GMS) compatibilizer concentration (1-5 wt%) on the HDPE-PS composite with PS content of 40 wt.%. The thermal properties of the HDPE-PS composite were characterized using torque analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and rheology analysis. It was found that melting temperature of the HDPE-PS composite decreases with GMS concentration. The presence of GMS in the HDPE-PS composite had improved composite flowability indicate suitability of the GMS as compatibilizer for the HDPE-PS composite.

Abstract: The present study evaluated the use of domestic waste polyethylene (PE) in the applications of bituminous pavement. This study investigates the performance of the mixes using different waste PE percentages, i.e., 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. It is observed that the softening point and elastic recovery value increase with PE content increases. The penetration index (PI) and temperature susceptibility of binders were evaluated. Adding PE to bitumen shows an improvement in the temperature susceptibility of the modified binders. The Marshall Stability value of bitumen containing 3% PE is higher at 69.65% than virgin binder stability. When 3% PE modified bitumen to the mixes, its indirect tensile strength (ITS) is 70.44 % higher than the conventional mix. The tensile strength ratio (TSR) value improved from 62% (unmodified binder) to 91.18% (modified binder) at 3% PE content, which is 47% higher than the conventional mixture. It indicates that the moisture susceptibility of mixes using PE is higher than conventional mix. Additionally, the mix deformation resistance with 3% PE was found to be 68.75% higher than the mix made with the unmodified binder. The study found that the bituminous mixes using PE have shown higher effectiveness in the properties such as stability, indirect tensile strength, rutting resistance, etc. of the mixes. It indicates that bituminous mixes with modified binders with PE provide higher resistance to permanent deformation.

Abstract: Polymer-modified binders in hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures have become more widely used in recent years. To prevent fatigue, rutting and various distresses, different types of polymer modifiers have been utilized. This study investigates modifying asphalt mixture in dense asphalt mixture with polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) fibers. The performance test includes softening point, penetration test as physical properties, and dynamic creep test for mechanical behavior of modified PP, PE, and unmodified asphalt. The dosage of PP and PE adopted for this study was 0.5% - 2.5% by weight of the asphalt binder. The results of the study are that the effect of polypropylene and polyethylene fibers on asphalt mixture behavior is sensibly good from considering rheological and mechanical properties. Furthermore, PE offers a better blend in comparison to PP was found in softening point and penetration tests. Consequently, a modifying content of 2% of PP and PE by weight of asphalt is suggested for the enhancement of asphalt mixtures, as determined by the dynamic modulus test at 40 C. A further consideration is highlighted that combining a polymer with hot mix asphalt maximized the service life of the pavement.

Abstract: The article discusses the development of digital models of the physical and mechanical characteristics of biodegradable polymers. Based on previous studies of biopolymers, it was determined that the key physicochemical properties of biopolymers for consumers are elongation, tensile strength and weight loss in soil. Since the main characteristic that determines the biodegradation of a polymer is its weight loss in the soil, the authors proposed an approach to the development of a mathematical model of this process. To develop a mathematical model of weight loss in soil for different compositions of biopolymers, it is proposed to use the approximation of the corresponding functional dependencies. As a result of the calculations, it was revealed that the most accurate results of constructing a mathematical model of weight loss in soil for PE/NR compositions are provided by polynomials of 3-4 degrees (the obtained mathematical models are highly accurate, the determination coefficient is at least 0.95). For the practical application of the developed models of the characteristics of biopolymers, an algorithm was proposed for selecting a biopolymer with the properties required for the consumer. The use of this algorithm will allow potential consumers of biopolymers to select the most suitable composition for the production of final products from it, taking into account the required values of physical and mechanical characteristics, as well as the characteristics of biodegradation.

Abstract: Revision total knee arthroplasties cause performed aseptic loosening, instability, and polyethylene wear. Separation or removal of the femoral component has been observed and this has the potential to severely damage the polyethylene component. In most cases 90% of the patients examined experienced significant medial or lateral condylar lift at some stage during the gait cycle. Using the MRI, a normal knee has maximum lateral lift is approx. 6.7 mm and maximum medial lift is approx. 2.1 mm, when a varus strees applied at a 90° knee flexion. Elevation of the lateral condyle due to valgus malalignment will distribute more contact force on the medial condyle. In this study, a polyethylene component of a posterior-stabilized right knee joint implant was developed to facilitate a high range of motion (ROM). Malalignment valgus was observed with the axes of knee motion joint implants were varied from 0°, 2°, 3° to 5 and knee bend measurements at 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 150° of knee flexion. Using the knee kinematic motion simulator, the modified polyethylene component resulted in 0° malalignment there is no gap of the femoral component with the polyethylene component, from 30° to 150° of knee flexion. At 2° malalignment, the femoral component was raised by 0.5 mm at a 90° to 150° knee flexion and increased with increasing knee flexion. Maximum gap occurs at 5° malalignment in the amount of 5 mm at 150° of knee flexion. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluation malalignment valgus of the flexed knee using knee kinematic motion simulator, with reference to the tibiofemoral flexion gap. The result that the modified design is expected in an narrow down gap between femoral and polyethylene component used knee kinematic motion simulator, this accommodate deep knee flexion movement in daily activities and reduce the possibility of subluxation and dislocation at the polyethylene component during deep knee flexion. A wide gap between the femoral component and the polyethylene component and a significant amount of contact force in the medial condyle region might be the explanation for polyethylene component damage. It is expected that potential medial or lateral condylar lift at some stage during the gait cycle can be reduced.

Abstract: Polyethylene, elastomer, and date palm fibre are all readily available, it have an positive impact on growth of new composite materials with desirable features and characteristics. There are many different types of composites, but they all have the same goal: to create a new material with greater qualities than the constituent materials. Date palm fibre was employed to reinforce a composite matrix made of polyethylene (PE) plastic and elastomer. To find out the tensile, impact, and bending strength values of composites by weight fractions of 25% (75:25), 35% (65:35), and 45% (55:45), this research set out to find (55:45). Composites with a weight percentage of 25% (75:25) had less Tensile strength (TS) 1.213 MPa, though mixtures with weightage proportion of 45% (55:45) had the maximum TS of 2.613 MPa. The minimum tensile strain value was discovered in composites with a weight fraction of 25% (75:25), while the maximum tensile strain value was identified in composites with weight fraction of 45 percent (0.0067). (55:45). 45 % (45-55) weight ratio mixture had the minimum impact strength of 45321 kJ/mm², while the 25 percent (75-25) weight ratio mixture had the maximum impact strength of 17721.41 kJ/mm². A 25 percent weight fraction (75:25) composite had the lowest bending strength measurement result (1.816 MPa), whereas a 35 percent weight fraction (65:35) composite had the highest measurement result (4.9 MPA) in this category. At 75:25 (75:25), the bending strain of the composite was at its highest, with a value of 0.0216

Abstract: Textile products are of great importance in the dissemination of newly developed communication devices and flexible electronics in conjunction with the advantages of covering the entire human body and being used all day long by all individuals in society. Various approaches have been developed to ensure the required electrical conductivity of textiles. Our research deals with melt spinning of carbon nanomaterial-based composites (CNCs) into electrically conductive filaments. By combining the various composite structures and property profiles with a conductive filler at high concentration, specific morphological structures can be achieved that offer a much higher potential for the development of new functional fibers for different smart textile applications.This study aims to produce nanocomposites from polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyethylene (PE) matrices with single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) by using a small-scale mixing device that provides short mixing time, and material savings in the first stage of the research.

Abstract: In this article are presented the results of X-ray and IR spectroscopic studies of the structure of the atmosphere - and chemically resistant composite materials based on medium density polyethylene. The presence of specific interactions with polyethylene ingredients in composite materials. It has revealed the appearance on the surface of the active radicals that promote increased interaction fillers with polyolefins, as well as the increase of the elastic-strength characteristics of composite materials are revealed.

Abstract: At the time of prayer, most Muslims kneel with fully extended limbs (between 150° and 165°). Meanwhile, incidents such as hyperflexion in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implant outside their designated configuration can lead wear or fracture of the polyethylene component. In this study, polyethylene component of posterior-stabilized right knee joint implant have been developed to facilitate higher range of motion (ROM). Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to analyze contact stresses on the polyethylene component. FEA was used to simulate weight-bearing condition at 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 150° of knee flexion. Modified polyethylene component results in better performance in terms of contact stresses, especially at 120° of knee flexion. Current result shows contact stresses above 120 MPa were measured at the posterior post polyethylene, when 4000 N force was applied. Minimum contact stress on the medial condyles was 630 KPa at 120° of knee flexion, while on the lateral condyles, the minimum contact stress was 250 KPa at 150° of knee flexion. With this finding, the current polyethylene component design is expected to accommodate deep knee flexion movement in daily activities and can reduce potential of wear or fracture of the polyethylene component during deep knee flexion.