Papers by Keyword: Polymerisation

Abstract: Poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile) supported TiCl₄ was prepared and characterized. IR analysis shows that the absorption of the acronitrile group shifted from 2233cm^-1 to 2277cm^-1 after its coordination to TiCl₄. It is found that this catalyst shows a much higher catalytic activity than that of TiCl₄ in the preparation of sydiopolystyrene, especially, it can be used to prepare a styrene rich poly (styrene-co-ethylene), the resulted poly (styrene-co-ethylene) is a crystalline polymer shown a T_m much lower than that of a homo sydiopolystyrene. The molecular simulation result shows that the coordinated metal in the polymer catalyst is more cationic, probably due to an electron withdraw group coordinated to the central metal. This result can help us to understand that the polymer catalyst is more active and there is less cocatalyst MAO was used in the polymerisation process. Based on the results both of the experiment and the molecular simulation, we can give a conclusion that the polymer backbone stabilized the central metal Ti and make it difficulty to be reduced to a Ti^II complex, and the later shows no activity in the polymerisation. The stabilization is from the coordination of the polymer backbone and not due to an electron donor ligand which is in a normal metallocene.

Abstract: Polymerisation of urea-nitryle-urethanes performed in electric heating devices. It was suggested to manufacture these materials using microwave radiation as the heat source. As a part of this research project urea urethanes were fabricated using various strength of microwave radiation. The structure and properties of manufactured materials were investigated.

Abstract: In the lost foam casting (LFC) of aluminum alloys, the expandable polystyrene (EPS) foam characteristics (foam composition, polymer processing and bead fusion) influence the formation of deleterious fold defects in the final casting. In this research, four types of EPS beads were investigated: (1) the regular EPS beads, (2) 2wt% hexabromocyclododecane and 2wt% dicumyl peroxide added to the EPS beads during the polymerization process, (3) 2wt% silicaalumina blended to EPS beads after the pre-expansion process of the beads and (4) 2wt% hexabromocyclododecane blended to EPS beads after the pre-expansion process of the beads. The density of the regular and modified EPS beads was kept constant at 25.63 kg/m3. Aluminum alloy A356 was poured at 1023 K into the window pattern. The window patterns with regular EPS beads did not fill completely and had identifiable carbon/oxide defects on the surface. The window patterns with the additives were completely filled with a few surface defects. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was found that the EPS beads with silica-alumina had a reduced onset temperature of degradation of EPS (from 634 K to 618 K) and a reduced activation energy (from 188 kJ/mol to 147 kJ/mol) relative to the regular beads. In the organic brominatedmodified EPS (both through blending and polymerization), it was found that the value of the preexponential (rate equation) was significantly increased. Through light optical microscopy (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was found that the polymerization process additives increased the degree of bead fusion whereas the post pre-expansion additives decreased the degree of bead fusion. Finally, the EPS beads treated during the polymerization process produced castings with the least overall surface, subsurface and internal defects.