Papers by Keyword: Porcelain

Abstract: The durability and strength of acrylic dentures are crucial for patient satisfaction and oral health. However, denture failure rates remain a significant concern. Reinforcing acrylic dentures with nanoparticles such as zirconia improves the mechanical properties of PMMA dentures. This study examines the enhancement of mechanical and physical properties of heat-cured PMMA dentures reinforced with varying amounts (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 wt.%) of YSZrO₂-NP and porcelain particles. The components were fabricated with standard dimensions in a dental flask, compacted using a hydraulic press, and polymerized for 120 minutes in a thermos-stated water curing bath. The properties analyzed included flexural strength, hardness, wear resistance, microstructure, and biocompatibility. The Flexural strength increased significantly with YSZrO₂-NP reinforcement (315% at 7 wt.%), whereas porcelain particles reinforcement showed a minimal increase (40% at 9 wt.%). Hardness slightly decreased for all YSZrO₂-NP/PMMA compositions (51% at 9 wt.%), while porcelain reinforcement showed a slight increase across all amounts, reaching up to 11% at 9 wt.%. Wear resistance improved with all filler additions in the PMMA. SEM analysis revealed uniformly dispersed particles in the PMMA matrix for 1-5 wt. % porcelain particles and ZrO₂NP composites. In contrast, 7-9 wt. % reinforcement showed non-uniform dispersion. Reinforcing PMMA with YSZrO₂-NP and porcelain particles enhanced its mechanical and physical properties. Therefore, micro- and nanoparticles of ceramics are a viable option for improving the strength and rigidity of PMMA dentures.

Abstract: 3D printing of ceramics grabbed its attention recently because of its ease of shaping. The extrusion-based 3D printing technique is widely used for ceramics as it involves paste formulation. However, the slurry is often formulated and mixed initially by hand kneading and later by a high-speed mixer. This phenomenon leads to the evaporation of water quickly while combining or out of its insufficient time allowed for extrudable slurry or paste formulation. The slurry's printable time is also reduced due to this phenomenon. This study prepares a hybrid ceramic mixture comprising silica gel, and printable time is calculated. Triaxial porcelain is used as a model ceramic.

Abstract: The potential of treated FGD sludge as foaming agent in ceramic porcelain were studied. The effect of treated FGD sludge content on phase composition, porosity and mechanical strength of porous ceramic were investigated. The result showed that the addition of treated FGD sludge improve the porosity. However, the increased porosity significantly reduced the flexural strength in sample after sintering at 1200°C for 3 hours. The porous of ceramic porcelain produced in this study can be used for insulation in high temperature application.

Abstract: Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is produced and disposed of by the palm oil industries as waste after burning palm fiber, husk, kernel, and shell as fuel to general electricity in-house. The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of modified chemical compositions on POFA on the physico-mechanical properties of porcelain. POFA was washed with 1, 2, and 3 Molar of HCl acid and heat treated. The powder was partially replaced with quartz at 15 wt.% and mixed in a ball mill machine for 12 hours. Modified POFA (admixture of CaO, Al₂O₃, MgO, P₂O₅, SiO₂, and Fe₂O₃) was added to the porcelain composition at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, and 15 wt.% to measure its influence on physico-mechanical properties of porcelain. The mixture was homogeneously mixed and dry pressed into a pellet at mould pressure 91 MPa and sintered at 1150 °C for 2 hours soaking time. The result of this research shows that these chemical compounds influenced physico-mechanical properties of porcelain, the optimum bulk density, compressive strength, and Vickers micro hardness values were obtained by the addition of modified POFA (admixture of CaO, Al₂O₃, MgO, P₂O₅, SiO₂, and Fe₂O₃).

Abstract: Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is solid waste from palm oil industries discarded after burning of shell, fiber, kernel and empty fruit bunches to heat boiler and generate electricity. A standard porcelain consisting of clay, feldspar and quartz is produced by sintering at temperature between 1300 °C to 1400 °C for toughness and translucency. This research developed a prediction model for optimum physical and mechanical properties of porcelain by addition of Fe₂O₃ at 5 wt.%. Quartz was replaced with POFA powder at 15 wt.% and Fe₂O₃ was also added at 5 wt.% of POFA mixed with others porcelain composition. Then the powder was dry pressed into pellet at 91 MPa and the samples were sintered at 1150 °C. The bulk density, compressive strength and Vickers microhardness were found to increase by addition of Fe₂O₃ at 5 wt.%. Prediction model was developed and from the predicted values it is revealed that, the model is efficient and good for the purpose of this research.

Abstract: The use of alternative materials as substitutes for ordinary aggregates, mainly in concrete and mortar, has been common in recent decades in Brazil. Due to its physical and chemical similarities to common aggregates, ceramic waste, when coupled with a granulometric control, is suitable for use as an aggregate in concrete. Brazil has been estimated to dispose of approximately 25,000 tons of porcelain insulators annually, which are insulators that are often discarded along with other debris and harm the environment. This study examined the grinding methodology for and subsequent use of porcelain to replace fine aggregates in concrete and verified the improvement this substitution provided by evaluating the mechanical properties and durability of the concrete under study and examining scanning electron microscope images.

Abstract: The aim of the article is to determine the possibility of domestic inorganic nanofibers utilization (Pardam, Ltd.) for experimentally developed porcelain body based on calcium aluminate cement. Two types of nanofibers based on pure SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ were mixed with the casting slip prepared in the system calcium aluminate cement – quartz – feldspar. The properties of the raw materials mixture (mixing water content, drying shrinkage, strength of green body) and fired body at different temperatures (strength, porosity) were tested.

Abstract: A fixed restoration has many important properties. Not only it has to resist in the harsh oral environment but it also has to resist bite forces and to remain intact for an extended period of time and porcelain has all these qualities and it also gives excellent esthetic results. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of each layer of porcelain fused to the metal coping on the final aspect of a metal ceramic restoration using the Ivoclar dSign system. Therefore we have chosen three methods to apply the porcelain by varying the thickness of the dentin and enamel layers fused on the metal substructure. The layer thickness of the opaque porcelain, the body porcelain (dentin), and the incisal porcelain greatly influence the final aspect of the metal ceramic restoration and this variation must be taken into consideration in order for the dental technician to obtain the desired shade

Abstract: LBP has six steps, which are charging, exposure, development, transfer, fusing, cleaning and discharge, for the printing product. In these steps, we focused on the development step for the source of submicron inorganic pigments. The toner is a negatively charged combination of inorganic particles. A control blade holds the toner at a micro size distance from the drum. The inorganic pigment then moves from the control blade to the more positively charged latent image on the drum. The image in static electricity needs to be developed – made visible. The developer introduces small particles of toner onto the static-charged surface of the drum. In this study inorganic pigments were coated by functional silanes to provide particles with the electrostatic charge. The coating thickness and kinds of silanes were changed to evaluate the electrostatic charge of coated pigments. After coating process, the electrostatic charge of inorganic pigments coated with silanes were evaluated by the Faraday’s device. We will introduce the effect of 3-(N-phenylamino) propyltrimethoxy silane and phenyl tris (methylethylketoxime) silane coating on the electrostatic charge of inorganic pigments.

Abstract: An extensive studied has been done with rice husk ash (RHA) as a substitute element for quartz to produce porcelain. Rice husk (RH) was treated with HCL. The treated RH was subjected to calcinations at 700°C for six hours, then subjected to the XRF analysis. The composition of RHA and porcelain powder were mixed using a ball mill for 1.5 hours, then was pressed into pellets at a pressure of 91 MPa. The pellets were sintered at a temperature of 1200°C for 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours soaking time, at a heating rate of 5°C per minute. The bulk density and Vickers hardness were measured. At the soaking time of 2 hours, the maximum density and hardness were achieved at 2.45 g/cm³ and 1052 HV respectively. SEM analysis reveals a typical sequence of densification enhancement with the increasing of soaking time.