Papers by Keyword: Porcelain Tile

Abstract: The industry of ceramic tiles exploits large amounts of natural resources and produces a lot of solid waste, especially porcelain tiles, a product of this industry that involves high technology fabrication. A previous study showed that, if the calcination conditions are respected (1200°C for 2 hours), it is possible to produce new ceramic tiles from the shards of porcelain tiles generated during construction or demolition. This study uses techniques such as X-Ray Fluorescence, X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electronic Microscopy in order to investigate the microstructural phenomena that allow the new materials’ sintering.

Abstract: This study evaluated the potential use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes (SBA) as a flux, replacing phyllite for the production of enamelled porcelain tile. The raw materials of the standard mass components and the SBA residue were characterized by testing by XRF, XRD, AG, DTA and TGA. Test samples were fabricated, assembled in lots of 3 units and sintered at temperatures of 1150 ° C to 1210 ° C. The results of the physical properties, mechanical properties and SEM of the sintered samples, showed that the formulation, G4 - in which applied 10% of SBA replacing phyllite, sintering temperature 1210 ° C showed better performance as the previously mentioned properties due to the formation of mullite crystals, meeting the prerequisites of standards for enamelled porcelain tile, while reducing the environmental impact and the cost of production.

Abstract: In this study, the yellow sand waste with enormous reserves in the Inner Mongolia Tengger desert was taken as the main raw material mixed with the same regional clays for the infrared functional low-temperature porcelained tile. The mineral composition and granule feature of Tengri yellow sand as well as the micro-structure and infrared property of the fired body were discussed by the means of various testing such as the grain fineness distribution analysis, the XRD diffraction analysis, the SEM scanning electron microscope analysis, the coefficient of thermal expansion measure and the infrared performance detection. The results revealed that the natural mineral could be replaced by the yellow sand waste in large for preparing the environmental protection functional porcelained ceramics with favorable properties. The flexural strength of porcelained tiles sintered at 1140°C~1160°Ckeeps from 40 to 55Mpa when the high addition of yellow sand varies 75wt% to 90wt%. And the body is composed of high quartz as the main phase and little wollastonite phase which meets with the thermal shock resistant standard of the present architectural material .

Abstract: Non-destructive testing techniques are widely used for testing ceramic materials. In our studies, two different types of ultrasonic test methods (A-scan and C-Scan) were investigated as non-destructive testing methods for characterization of porcelain tiles. Tiles were sintered in different temperatures to change their porosity and density properties. By changing of ultrasonic time and velocity related with samples’ some physical properties (such as bulk density, apparent density, apparent porosity (%), water absorption (%)) inspected via contact A-scan ultrasonic test method. The results show that without necessity of traditional test methods, some physical properties of ceramics can be determined by using obtained ultrasonic velocity-bulk density, apparent density, apparent porosity (%) and water absorption (%) calibration plots. Additionally, various defects were inspected in samples by using water immersion ultrasonic C-scan method. These results supported this study to obtain the information about defects’ size and place in the ceramic tiles. To support this non-destructive method results scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization was done and images give the information about the place of the defect.

Abstract: Spodumene, which is a lithium alumina silicate, has been used as a raw material in the production of thermal shock resistant whitewares and sanitarywares. The presence of spodumene results in enhancement of mullitization and imparts better physical and mechanical properties to ceramics. In this study, the influence of Lithium alumina silicate phases on the mechanical properties of standard porcelain stoneware body was investigated. Especially solid-solid reactions were observed between spodumene and quartz or spodumene and clay. These solid-solid reactions bring about a newly formed lithium alumina silicate (LAS) phases. Spodumene allows the development of a low viscosity liquid phase and results in a decrease in closed porosity, also with increase in bulk density, bending strength and elastic modulus.

Abstract: Zirconium silicate is generally used as a whitening agent in super white and ultra white porcelain tile compositions. Depend on the market speculation, this material's price fluctuated. To reduce this negative effect of the material on the our profitability, an alternative whitening compositions is developed. The aim of the study is prepare the alternative whitening composition with an innovative approach such as controlling the amount of the amorphous and crystalline phases in the porcelain tile body and produce the new composition with the same property compared standard body such as water absorption, size, strength, color. And also ensure the sustainable production with the same quality.

Abstract: Today, recycling industrial waste plays a major role in our society. Waste is used as additive in the production of a certain number of products. It enables to reduce the costing price per piece and to enhance some of the properties of the material, and to reduce pollution problems. To meet the various criteria, and manufacturing requirements of contemporary ceramic tile and bring a solution to our environment, an addition of waste glass from lamps public lighting and neon (cullet) is incorporated in various ceramic masse for substituted a feldspar. A comparative study is made between the properties obtained with each type of waste on the one hand and the other with the properties of tile produced in the industry. It was found that the tiles made with waste glass lighting lamps offer higher mechanical strength than that obtained with the feldspar and a good agreement between the shard - enamel. Although the value of strength obtained with the waste of neon is lower than that obtained with the first type of glass. The latter always remains higher than that of industrial value.