Papers by Keyword: Potable Water

Abstract: The importance of the research is due to the lack of potable water (~1.6 million m³ per year) in a rapidly developing city in the Urals. One way to solve this problem is to purify water from the spent copper mine with a debit of ~4.4 million m³ of water per year. The most advanced techniques recently used for obtaining drinking water of a high quality are based on ion exchange and reverse osmosis, which can ensure an obtainment of water with initial contents of impurities much below the maximum permissible values. Based on the real experience the article compares sorption and membrane technologies in terms of water purification efficiency and cost of potable water production. The large-scale tests of mine water purification were carried out at sorption and reverse osmosis pilot plants with the capacity of 1 m³ per hour for the incoming flow. The source water had the following composition, mg/dm³: 0.5–0.9 Mn; 1.0–1.7 Ni; 80-140 Ca; 30-40 Na; 40-70 Mg; 0.2–0.6 Cu; 8.1–9.5 Si; 0.01–0.03 Zn; 0.01–1.70 Fe; <0.01 Al; < 0.005 As; < 0.005 Pb. At the same time the salinity was 640–680 mg/dm³, the water hardness was 9.5–11.5 mmol/dm³ and pH was 7.0-7.5. The content of non-mentioned impurities was below the detection limit. The resulting treated water met the requirements for the quality of potable water for both purification techniques. It was concluded, that the best option for treatment of mine water is ion exchange.

Abstract: Solar stills as the cheapest options used to desalinate brackish water in areas having freshwater availability limitation. The purpose of this work is to investigate the water production improvement of double slope solar stills using heat absorption materials in the basin. Three similar shapes double slope passive solar stills were constructed to conduct the experiments in tropical climate of Malaysia. Each solar still had a stainless steel trough and a transparent polythene film as basin and cover respectively. Three basins each having 50 cm length, 30 cm width and 8 cm depth were used to keep the fed lake water. 2 cm depths of black soil and sea sand were added in two solar still basins respectively, while the last solar still had only stainless steel trough as basin. Experimental investigations on the solar stills performance showed that the solar still with black soil had a highest output as compared to the solar still yield using sea sand layer in basin or conventional solar still using only stainless steel basin respectively. Some water quality parameters of lake water and produced distilled water were also tested in the laboratory and indicated that the treated water met the WHO standard for drinking.

Abstract: Shaoxing has used three water supply models, i.e. urban water supply network extension, township water factory centralized water supply, and mountain area scattered independent water supply, to improve the drinking water conditions for its 2.075 million rural dwellers. Nevertheless, there still exist problems in its water supply systems, such as difficulties in protecting water sources, small and scattered operating entities, and uneven water supply facilities and water qualities. This dissertation therefore brings forward countermeasures such as optimizing project planning and layout, implementing standardized renovation and improvement, practicing the most stringent water resources protection system, and establishing and improving the management system and testing network.

Abstract: This study aims at improving a solar distillation still by comparing the performance of four types of double slope single basin solar stills to produce adequate amount of potable water in the areas with confined fresh water. These solar stills fabricated with similar shapes. In each solar still a stainless steel basin with the length of 50 cm, width of 30 cm and depth of 8 cm was utilized. The still configurations differed based on inclusion of 2 cm depth of sea sand layer in the basin, a layer of black paint in the basin and use of a 50 W PV-DC heater. The study was conducted to increase the potable water production under Malaysia tropical condition. A comparative research of cumulative water production among these solar stills showed that solar still with black painted basin was the more efficient; producing 234 %, 190% and 148% the potable water produced by a conventional solar still, solar still with sand layer in basin and solar still connected to a PV-DC heater, respectively.

Abstract: A novel magnetic ion exchange resin called MIEX Resin is being utilized in potable water treatment, which indicates significant advantages. The objective of this article is to analyze characteristics and application of MIEX Resin in engineering projects, and hence provide critical review on merits and demerits of the resin. Furthermore, researches on combination of MIEX Resin with other water treatment technologies would be analyzed and discussed to prove potential that a MIEX Resin process integrated with other treatments can be employed in broader fields of wastewater treatment and reuse.