Papers by Keyword: Preservation

Abstract: Historic masonry buildings are complex structures whose behavior is strongly affected by the quality of materials, by traditional constructive techniques and by alterations occurred over centuries. Therefore, it is important to deepen the knowledge of existing buildings in order to identify potential vulnerabilities and to define suitable reinforcing interventions. In order to properly deal with cultural heritage criteria these interventions must satisfy not only the structural requirements but also the conservative issues. In this regard, each retrofitting intervention should be planned according to the specific case, acknowledging all the peculiar features that should lead to the definition of a proper reinforcing solution. Consequently, it is not possible to uncritically apply a generic reinforcing system given by manuals in compliance with standard typologies of traditional architectural elements.In this paper several case studies located in Parma (Italy) will be presented in order to highlight the need of a critical approach based on a deep knowledge of existing buildings. In particular, the given examples are focused on strengthening interventions carried out on vaulted structures. Sometimes composites proved to be one of the most effective reinforcing solutions for these masonry elements, allowing to improve the structural strength without increasing its stiffness. The strengthening intervention, designed according to both structural and conservative issues, definitely proved that a critical awareness is fundamental for a positive contribution of non-traditional techniques – such as composites – applied to traditional masonry structures.

Abstract: Earthen construction, as an architectural heritage, need to be studied and preserved. The analysis of the construction system’s clusters of Syunik region of the Republic of Armenia allows developing a model of restoration in the unified system and adaptation to the new requirements of the time. Documentation of the current condition of the preserved earthen structures in the Syunik region, analysis of the mechanisms of construction features. The study of the international experience of the earth structures makes it possible to propose ways for the implementation of the earthen structures typical of the region with new technology.

Abstract: Nowdays, the creation of many new and modern architectural structures, modernization of historical and cultural monuments, and the acquisition of new architectural solutions have become possible thanks to the use of new technologies and new construction materials. The discovery of transparent polymer materials in the architectural and construction industry allowed not only to achieve significant lightweight of the buildings but also to create unique and innovative forms for structures and architectural environments. The use of ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) plastic material, which is already a widely used polymer material, is quite perspective in the global and Armenian construction fields. Based on the series of researches and a number of already constructed architectural solutions in international practice, it is clear that the studied material will solve a number of issues for the preservation of the environment and individual structures, that will enable to preserve the established Armenian architecture with contemporary approaches, with a significant contribution in the formulation process of contemporary architecture. In addition, the use of the above-mentioned material in the design process of the new architectural structures can create interesting combinations of traditional and modern forms, in the design of a individual structures, as well as in the formation of separate structures of the architectural complexes by applying the advantages and disadvantages associated with the aesthetic and functional properties of the materials.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the seaside and riverine territories, which are an integral part of urban and rural settlements. The relevance of the research problem is conditioned to a number of problems corresponding to the current moment in these territories including negative consequences as a result of urban development. The main objectives of the research were outlined, in particular the collection of factual data that allow the appropriate monitoring. Special attention is paid to the architectural transformation of coastal areas, identification of principles by which this transformation must be performed. The practical significance of the presented work is that the results of the study can be used in the development of urban planning documents, namely the projects of complex and local reconstruction of coastal areas.

Abstract: There were considered the distinctive features of the historical center of the city, its cultural and artistic value. Attention is drawn to the fact that the space of this center reflects the most important features of the historical character of the city. The object and the subject of the research, as well as the purpose, objectives and methods of research were set. There were determined the complex of measures which are necessary to carry out the reconstructive arrangements. There were analyzed the main actions which are necessary to implement the regeneration of historical residential areas. The great attention was paid to the problems of preservation of architectural-construction heritage, interaction of all participants of architectural activity in the present context.

Abstract: The study has been carried out to investigate the implementation of road preservation in the Indonesian National Road. The root of the problems of causes road deterioration are revealed, they consist of four aspects: planning and programming, implementation, maintenance, and operation of the road. The strength, weakness, opportunity and threat analysis were adopted to find the problem solution to overcome the challenges of road preservation in the Indonesian National Road. Some action programs to support the implementation of road preservation are suggested based on the results of strength, weakness, opportunity and threat analysis. In short term action, the government legislation, the technical guidance, the standard guideline and manual need to be provided shortly. Meanwhile, for medium term action, the “performance based contract” must be conducted effectively.

Abstract: Slurry Seal is an impermeable non-structural thin layer that is used for pavement maintenance consisting of a cold laid mixture of asphalt emulsion with continuous graded fine aggregate, mineral filler, water and other added ingredients. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) as the main filler in the application of slurry seal. Due to the relatively high cement prices and the pollution control for the environment; it is required to maintain the quality of the slurry by using a combination of OPC and LCFA (Low Calcium Fly Ash). This research was conducted to determine the value of consistency, setting time and indirect tensile strength (ITS) of slurry seal containing LCFA. A consistency testing used to obtain optimum moisture content to produce the sample for the rest of the test. The results show that with the addition of 5% water for pre-wetting and subsequently 10% of water content, the mixture provide appropriate consistency as required by highways standard. The time settings also meet the requirements of highways standard between 15 to 720 minutes for all types of mixtures. The mixture with composition of 50% OPC and 50% LCFA is considered as an ideal mixture at the optimum density value of 1.769 g/cm³, porosity of 9.55% and the indirect tensile strength of 30.99 kPa. It could be concluded that fly ash can be used as OPC partial replacement and enhance the properties on slurry seal application.

Abstract: Overlay as the conventional method to maintain the surface quality of pavement need a large number of fresh natural aggregate and bitumen due to the relatively thick layer and consequently the road geometric must be corrected, so that regarded as not environmentally friendly. The alternative solution is Ultra-Thin Surfacing Hot Mix Asphalt (UTSHMA) which has a thickness of 12-15mm. UTSHMA gradation is designed based on the highest Marshall Quotient value tested by performing Marshall Test of five variations gradation from Standard Specification Construction of Transport Systems. The Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) obtained by Marshall Test. The bitumen used for this is 60/70 penetration. The several structural tests were performed on the best gradation at OBC consist of Marshall tests, Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests and water permeability test. The UTSHMA mixture with coarse gradation has the greatest Marshall Quotient at 6.35% OBC accompanied by the higher ITS and UCS properties compare to conventional asphalt concrete. The coefficient permeability of UTSHMA is lower than conventional AC, indicated that UTSHMA is more resistant to water penetration. The research concluded that UTSHMA has compromised the standard specification and has sufficient structural properties compare to conventional AC and can be regarded as structural layer of pavement for overlay and road preservation design.

Abstract: Sustainability has become a fundamental requirement in every aspect of architecture nowadays and heavily considered to be one of the criteria to determine whether a building is “good” or not. In essence, sustainable architecture aims to minimize the negative impact of buildings on the environment by emphasizing on efficiency and moderation in energy use. Sustainability is often associated with high end technology and inventions, from simple technology until various complex mechanisms and systems, but there are still many alternative ways to achieve sustainability in many senses. This paper takes on an approach on building conservation as an alternative mean to achieve sustainability. Why build another new energy-consuming building if we can benefit from an already existing building This research emphasizes on the method of practicing building conservation through an integrated framework between a value-based approach and a thorough analysis of the theory of architecture and its elements. Done in the right way, architectural conservation can also take part in lowering the potential use of energy and create a good and integrated sustainable building. The Gedung Aula Barat in the Institut Teknologi Bandung campus block, Bandung, is used as a case study in this research to better explain the whole approach.

Abstract: With the purpose of extending the shelf-life of Kyoho grapes at room temperature (23±1°C), we investigated the effects of two kinds of preservation packaging on Kyoho grapes’ shelf-life: SO₂ controlled release packaging (A bag) and A with 1-MCP packaging (A-1-MCP bag), the grapes naked and packaged with LDPE as the control groups. During the experiment, the headspace concentrations, appearance quality, water loss, stem browning, solidity, TSS and TA were tested and analyzed every two days. The experimental results showed that A bags could form a suitable modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) environment and prohibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria of grapes. After 8 days’ storage, the grapes naked and packaged with ordinary LDPE groups had serious stem browning and rot rate. The stem browning index of the grapes packaged with A bags and A-1-MCP bags were level 1 and level 0. And the rot rate was 3.63% and 1.26%, respectively. The appearance and flavor of the Kyoho grapes had commercial values, the preservation effects were apparent.