Papers by Keyword: Pressure Drop

Abstract: Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques have evolved significantly to meet the demands of maximizing crude oil extraction from complex reservoirs. This study investigates the application of manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanofluids in EOR, emphasizing the synergistic effects of electrochemical potentials and electromagnetic fields. MnO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized using a hydrothermal method at 160°C, yielding uniform spherical nanostructures approximately 50 nm in size. These nanofluids demonstrated promising properties including improved surface reactivity, wettability alteration, and interfacial tension reduction between oil and water phases. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) confirmed the structural and elemental purity of the nanoparticles. The experimental findings reveal that MnO₂ nanofluids can effectively mobilize trapped oil, especially under the influence of electromagnetic fields, which enhance nanoparticle dispersion and oil displacement. Pressure drop analysis during core flooding tests further confirmed increased recovery efficiency at optimal nanofluid concentrations, with 0.3% MnO₂ showing the highest performance. This research presents a viable approach to improving EOR outcomes through nanotechnology, offering a scalable and efficient method to recover residual oil in challenging reservoir conditions.

Abstract: The study is devoted to solving the actual problem of determining optimal filter configuration parameters that ensure the maximum protective service life of dust filters—specifically, the time of use before reaching the critical point when breathing through the filter becomes impossible.The purpose of the work is to determine the configuration coefficient of dust filters (surface area, fold pitch, and fold height), enabling the calculation of the initial pressure drop across the filters.To identify the correlation between the configuration parameters of dust filters, a 3D model of a filter cartridge with overall dimensions of 100×50×15 mm – matching the standard sizes of most commonly used filter box designs – has been fabricated. Polypropylene filtering material with a fiber packing density of 50 g/m² and fiber diameters ranging from 1 to 3 µm has been used; the thickness of the filtering layer was 2 mm. Sets of five filter samples have been produced with varying filtration areas, which depended on the number of folds, ranging from 5 to 30. To measure the pressure drop across the filters, a specialized test stand complying with EN 13274-3:2001 «Respiratory protective devices – Methods of test – Part 3: Determination of breathing resistance» has been employed, under constant airflow rates of 30 dm3/min and 95 dm³/min.The relationship between the pressure drop across pleated filters and parameters such as filtration area, pleat channel width, and filter height has been established, allowing the determination of a configuration coefficient that ensures minimal resistance to airflow. For rectangular filters from polypropylene material with a fiber packing density of 50 g/m² and a filtering layer thickness of 0.6 mm, a pleat height of 10 mm, the optimal spacing between pleats has been found to lie within the range of 3–4 mm, corresponding to 2.5–3.3 pleats per cm. For calculating the configuration coefficient of filters made from materials with varying fiber packing densities the algorithm has been proposed. The algorithm includes determining the initial pressure drop of a flat filter, calculating the filter area based on specified pleat spacing (W) and height, defining the configuration coefficient, and comparing it with the recommended optimal value.The scientific novelty lies in establishing an experimental relationship between the pressure drop and the configuration coefficient of pleated filters. This relationship enables the identification of optimal parameters for filtration area and the ratio of the distance between pleats to their height.The value of this research consists in the development of an algorithm for determining the configuration coefficient of pleated filters, which allows for a more accurate estimation of the initial pressure drop.

Abstract: In the past few years, micro-droplets have been widely used in diverse fields of biological and chemical research, spanning from drug delivery and material synthesis to point-of-care diagnostics, digital PCR, and single-cell analysis. Droplet-based microfluidics offers a powerful platform for conducting complex experiments, screening processes, and analyses with enhanced precision, efficiency, and versatility. While creating droplets with uniform sizes is a common objective of microfluidics, it is not limited to producing droplets of a single size per chip. Creating microdroplets with different sizes on a microfluidic chip holds significant importance in various applications. This can provide flexibility in controlling chemical processes, biological reactions, or product quality. By controlling the size of the microdroplets, researchers can precisely regulate the release kinetics of the encapsulated substances, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced side effects for patients. In chemical analysis, microfluidic platforms can produce microdroplets of different sizes to enable high-throughput screening of chemical reactions or biological assays. By manipulating the droplet size, researchers can enhance reaction efficiency, increase sample throughput, and reduce reagent consumption, making the analysis process more cost-effective and time-efficient. To create microdroplets with different sizes on a microfluidic chip, adjusting process parameters such as pressure, flow rate, and channel design is an approach. In this research, geometrical parameters of the channel such as shape, size, and length are calculated to ensure the pressure drop from the inlet to the creation point droplets of each branch is the same, ensuring the stable operation of the system. The input solution in the research is glucose, which fully exhibits the behavior of a non-Newtonian liquid under defined conditions. The power law viscosity model is used to describe the rheological behavior of glucose liquids.

Abstract: Indonesia is a country prone to hydrological disasters, with high potentials to mud flows in some areas. The mud flows need to be channeled to the appropriate place, and the piping system is one of the best alternatives. Through this research, the analysis of flow characteristics and changes in the density concentration in two-phase (liquid-solid) fluid systems is presented. One-inch diameter transparent PVC pipe was used as the test pipe. The pressure drop, experimental friction factor, and Reynolds number on the experimental variables show an interesting relation between the variables. At 10% ratio of liquid-solid discharge, the flow discharge ranges from 0.00000800 m³/s to 0.00001817 m³/s, while at 100% ratio, the discharge reaches 0.00002133 m³/s. The ratios of liquid-solid discharge ratio of 10% to 100% have influences on increasing pressure reduction (∆P). At increasing density from 1000 to 1010 (at mixture ratios of 10% to 20%), the pressure drop (∆P) also tends to increase. At 10%, the f value ranges from 0.0005004 to 0.0011364, where the experimental friction factor tends to be lower than the theoretical friction factor.

Abstract: For LOX/LCH4 variable thrust rocket engine, the propellant methane is traditionally selected as the coolant in regenerative cooling channel (RCC). With the decrease of engine thrust, the mass flow rate of coolant methane decreases gradually. At low engine thrust, the coolant methane is usually in a subcritical state. The heat transfer deterioration of subcritical methane occurs in RCC, which may cause thrust chamber wall ablation. The two-phase pressure drop data of methane are crucial parameters for the design and optimization of RCC. But it is rarely to find such measured frictional pressure drop data of methane in open published literature. The two-phase pressure drop of methane during flow boiling in the single mini channels with the diameters of 2.0 mm are investigated systematically. Effects of the mass flux (582.19~1755.48 kg/m²·s), inlet pressure (0.56~3.55 MPa), heat flux (53.25~318.68 kW/m²) on the frictional pressure drop of methane are discussed. The results show that the frictional pressure drop of methane during flow boiling increases with mass flux and inlet pressure at the experimental conditions, and heat flux shows weak effect on the frictional pressure drop. The comparisons of the experimental data with the predicted value by existing six correlations are analyzed. Contrary to the conventional channels, homogeneous model yields better prediction than five separated flow models. Present experimental results can provide reference for the design and optimization of RCC in LOX/LCH4 rocket engine.

Abstract: Experimental studies have been conducted to determine the operational properties of fabrics used for the manufacture of protective masks. For the experimental study, 22 different fabrics were used, which are available in everyday life. Determination of the operational properties was carried out according to three indicators: the penetration coefficient of the test aerosol, paraffin oil (filtering property), breathing resistance (ergonomic property), resistance to dusting (protective action period) in accordance with the requirements of DSTU EN 149-2017 standard. According to the results of the experimental study to determine the operational properties of fabrics: breathing resistance, penetration coefficient and resistance to dust, it was found that out of the twenty-two samples tested, only eight can be used for the manufacture of protective masks, since their characteristics are able to provide a sufficient level of protection from minimal physiological impact on human (wool, two-thread cloth, velor, tricotin, jersey, frieze and satin). Theoretical calculation of the operational properties of protective masks, which can be made of these fabrics, based on experimental data allowed to make their compliance with the first class of protection according to the requirements of DSTU EN 149-2017. The scientific novelty is to clarify the relationship between the operational properties of fabrics and the operational properties of protective masks.

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate numerically the heat transfer improvement and pressure drop inside annular channel of a rotor-stator provided with fins mounted on the stator without and with Taylor number. The impact of mounting various types of fins (triangular, rectangular, trapezoidal shapes with small and large base) is studied by varying the fin width b from 0 to 14 mm. In the presence of axial air flow, numerical simulations are carried out by solving the governing continuity, momentum and energy equations of turbulent flow in cylindrical coordinates using the Finite Volume Method. The results obtained by Reynolds Stress Model RSM model have indicated that the heat transfer enhances as the surface area of the fins and the effective Reynolds number increase, while there is an increase in pressure drop. Furthermore, we have shown that the presence of Taylor number has a slight increase in Nusselt number and pressure drop compared to the case without Taylor number. Among the four geometries, it is found that the rectangular cavity is the best geometry which gives maximum heat transfer and minimum pressure loss.

Abstract: The article presents the results of the analysis of production data on the operation of the blast furnace No. 1 of Ural Steel JSC for the period from 2013 to 2018. During this period, the Mikhailovsky GOK pellets with different basicities were used. It has been established, that the effectiveness of the use of pellets of different basicities is determined by their behavior in a blast furnace and depends on the proportion of pellets in the iron ore part of the charge. The gas-dynamic conditions of melting deteriorate with an increase in the proportion of pellets in the charge, which is accompanied by an increase in the specific pressure drop and forces the blast rate, to be adjusted. It is necessary to work on 40-45% of fluxed pellets and 20-25% acid pellets in a charge at a blast rate of 2000-2100 m3/min, to minimize coke rate and increase rate of work of blast furnace No. 1 of Ural Steel JSC. An increase in pellet consumption is possible while maintaining the efficiency of blast-furnace smelting only if their high-temperature properties are improved, as a result of optimization of basicity and increase in MgO content, which affects the structure and properties of the silicate binder.

Abstract: The design and operation of subsea pipelines over the life-cycle of an asset is vital for continuous oil and gas production. Qualitative design and effective production operation of pipelines depend on fluid type(s) involved in the flow; and in the case of multiphase flow, the need to understand the behaviour of the fluids becomes more imperative. This work presented in this report is borne out of the need for more accurate ways of predicting multiphase flow parameters in subsea pipelines with hilly-terrain profiles by better understanding their flow behaviors. To this end, Computational Fluid Dynamics has been used as against existing experimental and mechanistic methods which have inherent shortcomings. The results showed that multiphase flow parameters including flow-regimes, liquid hold-up and pressure drop in hilly-terrain pipelines can be modelled without associated errors in existing techniques. Similarity in trend was found when results of pressure gradient in downward-incline pipe were compared with results from existing correlations and mechanistic method. CFD can be used as a design tool and also a research tool into the understanding of the complexities of multiphase flow in hilly-terrain pipelines towards qualitative design and effective operation of hilly-terrain pipelines.

Abstract: Pressure drop in a vertical or deviated borehole has been found to be due to hydrostatic changes and friction as a result of the produced fluids flowing to the surface. When oil flows upwards, the flowing pressure along the tubing string drops, and this makes gas to start liberating. Thus, multiphase flow forms in the tubing string. Hence, adequate modelling of vertical lift performance is required to predict the pressure drop and subsequently the wellbore pressure because many factors are involved [1]. In this work, sensitivity analysis of multiphase flow in a well has been carried out with the aid of PROSPER in which the most accurate correlation was chosen from twelve selected built-in correlations present in the program to predict the pressure drop via gradient matching. A sensitivity analysis of the well was further performed to investigate the parameters such as tubing diameter, gas-oil ratio and wellhead pressure that were affecting the vertical lift performance of a high water cut well. The results obtained from the correlation matching showed that Dun and Ros [2] original correlation was the best fit correlation for the well. The results of the sensitivity analysis revealed that reduction of wellhead pressure from 600 psi to 400 psi could increase liquid rate by 41%. An adjustment of wellhead pressure was found to give the most significant impact on the production rate of the well as compared to other two parameters studied.