Papers by Keyword: Prostate Cancer

Abstract: Implant brachytherapy is one of the therapies for Low Dose Rate (LDR) in prostate cancer. This type of therapy uses a source with low energy and penetration rate so that the organs around the prostate do not receive much of the absorbed dose. This study uses a calculation method Monte Carlo N-Particle 6 (MCNP-6) to calculate the interaction of photons with organ materials. The main objective of this research is to determine the number of seeds and the ideal source activity to achieve the optimal absorbed dose in the prostate and provide the minimum absorbed dose in the surrounding organs. Organs around the prostate include the testes, small intestine, descending colon wall, descending colon, sigmoid colon wall, bladder wall, and bladder. This study uses two types of radioisotope sources namely ¹⁰³Pd and ¹³¹Cs which each has a photon energy of 21 keV and 30 keV. Variations made is the addition of the number of seeds from 60 to 100 at intervals of 8 seeds symmetrically away from the center of the prostate and variation of source activity from 0.1 mCi to 0.6 mCi at intervals of 0.1 mCi for each type of source. Results of this study obtained the relationship that the more the number of seeds the greater the dose received by the prostate and surrounding organs, as well as the addition of source activity. The effect of increasing the number of seeds can increase the absorbed dose more significantly than the effect of adding activity to the organs around the prostate. Optimal absorbed dose for ¹⁰³Pd is 125 Gy and 115 Gy for ¹³¹Cs. Based on the simulation results with MCNP-6, it is obtained that the ideal combination for the optimal absorbed dose is obtained from the source ¹⁰³Pd is the number of seed 60 with 0.3 mCi activity, and source ¹³¹Cs is the number of seed 76 with an activity of 0.5 mCi. Source ¹⁰³Pd provides a lower absorbed dose to the organs around the prostate compared to the source ¹³¹Cs.

Abstract: Green synthesized surface passivated carbon dots for detection of Citrate as biomarker for prostate cancer. The carbon sources of CQDs are passivated with L-cysteine via a one-pot hydrothermal route. The quenching in emission intensity of the synthesized carbon dots (CQDs) is observed for Citrate samples. The hydroxyl and carboxylic functional groups of Citrate showed a binding affinity with amino and free carboxyl cysteine passivated over the surface of carbon dots. The CQDs showed a high sensitivity for detection of Citrate in a continuous range of 1.0 μM–500 μM. The CQDs showed good level of selectivity, repeatability, and stability for the detection of Citrate. We successfully detected the Citrate content for prostate cancer cells using an L-cysteine passivated carbon quantum dots various incubation durations. As a result, quenching in fluorescence intensity CQDs are noted to analyze extent of cancer cells in biological samples.

Abstract: Prostate-specific antigen or PSA is a protein biomarker which is produced by the cells of prostate gland. The normal level of PSA in blood is often elevated in men with prostate cancer. In India, prostate cancer is one among the five, mostly cited cancer in men and it is getting increased by 1% every year. The screening test used for prostate cancer is the Prostate Specific Antigen test. The first PSA assay was determined in 1979. Most of the current techniques used for PSA detection are utilizing large analyzers, there by increased time and cost. Increased PSA levels can also because of prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate gland) or due to many other reasons. A proper technique to differential diagnose this disease is also an issue. The benchmark for the PSA level cannot be determined accurately. For this, various types of biosensors are used. This review journal is is trying to analyze variouus Nano-Biosensors used for early detection of PSA from blood in an early stage itself.

Abstract: CD147 is expressed on the cell surface of most tumor cells, which results in cancer cells proliferation, invasion, metastasis and angiogenes. Our previous study indicated that CD147 could promote invasion andmetastasis of prostate cancer. However the role of CD147 on cell proliferation has not to be explored inprostate cancer. In this study, the effects of CD147 on cell proliferation of hormone-independent prostatecancer (LNCaP-AI) was investigated. In the present study, cell cycle distribution was investigated by flowcytometry and cell cycle protein were analysis by wester blot. The results demonstrated that knock-donwn CD147 expression induced G₀/G₁ phase arrest, and expression of cyclin D1 has potential suppressed with western blot analysis. The results suggest that CD147 could inhibit cell prolifearion and as potential therapeutic application in treatment of proste cancer.

Abstract: India has the highest incidences of prostate cancer in the world. The elevated occurrence of prostate cancer in India has long been linked with the lifestyle and family history. The survival rate of prostate cancer is 6080% when detected during its early stages; however, this number drops to 3040% when the cancer is diagnosed during the advanced stages. A sol-gel based nanobio sensor can be developed for the detection of prostate cancer from blood using Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), a prostate cancer marker. Solgel-derived materials can be exploited for the manufacturing of various optoelectronic devices, including sensors optodes and their protective layers, as well as other kinds of coatings. One of the objectives of present study is to explicate the changes in the internal environment of the sol-gel.

Abstract: Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of attenuated Salmonella carrying siRNA-STAT3 plasmid on transplanted prostate cancer in mice, and investigate the mechanism of siRNA-STAT3 inducing apoptosis of prostate cancer cells in mice. Methods The transplanted prostate cancer models of mice were built, and then the mice were randomly divided into Mock group, pGC-Si-Scramble group and pGC-Si-STAT3 group. The general status of the mice was observed and the changes of tumor volume were recorded. The expression levels of mRNA and protein of STAT3 and its downstream genes such as Bcl-2, c-Myc, HIF-1, cyclinD1 were analyzed with RT-PCR and western blotting, and the apoptosis of tumor cells was detected with flow cytometry. Results Compared with the Mock group, the tumor weight and tumor volume in pGC-Si-STAT3 group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The result of flow cytometry revealed that the early apoptotic rate of tumor cells in pGC-Si-STAT3 group was (29.1±1.6)%, which was significantly higher than that of pGC-Si-Scramble group (14.7±1.4)% and Mock group (8.9±1.8)% (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of STAT3 and its downstream genes Bcl-2 and c-Myc in the pGC-Si-STAT3 group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the protein expression levels of STAT3 and its downstream genes HIF-1 and cyclinD1 were also decreased (P<0.05), compared with the Mock group. Conclusion The attenuated Salmonella carrying siRNA-STAT3 plasmid could inhibit the growth of transplanted prostate cancer in mice by regulating the expressions of STAT3’s downstream genes and inducing the apoptosis of tumor cells.