Papers by Keyword: Protection

Abstract: Currently, great attention is paid to the creation of polymer composites using functional fillers and polymer matrices of various types, including thermoplastic and thermosetting types. These fillers also make it possible to increase the protective properties of the polymer against electromagnetic radiation by several orders of magnitude. The aim of the study is to study of the process of synthesis of functional fillers for polymer composites for protection against electromagnetic radiation. As a result of the studies conducted, the process of synthesizing functional fillers for polymer composites for electromagnetic radiation protection has been comprehensively examined. It has been shown that the recrystallization of titanium oxide from solution-melts of KCl-NaCl and KCl-NaCl-∑TiClₙ is possible under a flow of inert gas in the presence of a reducing agent, resulting in thread-like crystals of fibrous form. In the process, thread-like rutile crystals with cross-sectional dimensions of 3–30 μm and lengths of 10³–10⁴ microm were obtained. It has also been established that blowing KCl-NaCl-TiCl₄ without TiO₂ with inert gas in the absence of a reducing agent results in the crystallization of metallic titanium in the form of hollow microspheres. The obtained functional fillers have great potential in the development of polymer composite materials for electromagnetic radiation protection, providing a high combination of strength and spectral characteristics.

Abstract: The main principles of objects of living nature protection from the influence of electromagnetic radiation have been studied. An analysis of various types of protective screens, structures and materials used for their manufacture was carried out. It is proposed to use special concretes based on barium-containing cement with barium hexaferrite aggregate as structural materials to protect the environment from the effects of electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: Spain and Portugal share a common track gauge, different from the European standard gauge, and they have come to have 5 rail connections of which only 3 are currently active. On the two disused connections two different programs have developed for their respective protection, conservation, and valuation in the service of society. In the Spanish province of Salamanca, the route from the railway station of Boadilla-Fuente de San Esteban to the Portuguese border. This route has been recognized as a Bien de Interés Cultural (BIC) since 2000 and has been preserved including all the infrastructure and a good part of the railway superstructure. The Camino de Hierro program, at the final section, is a route of 17 km, conditioned for walking, crossing the Natural Park of Arribes del Duero. The program is managed by public initiative of the Diputación de Salamanca. On the other hand, we have the railway connection from Caceres to Valencia de Alcantara (last Spanish town) that then crosses into Portugal through Marvão-Beirã (first Portuguese station) to Torre das Vargens, where it connects with the route currently in use from Badajoz, through Elvas to main station of Entroncamento. Between the first two Portuguese stations, a private initiative (Rail Bike Marvão) has launched a program to make this 15 km route traversable on pedal-operated platforms on the railway and crossing the Serra de São Mamede Natural Park. This paper analyses both initiatives, identifying their strengths and weaknesses and the strategies employed as examples of good reference practices for similar initiatives, in order to identify key aspects which will be part of the criteria that the authors want to define as the initial phase of a methodology for the application of decision-making techniques in the management of these kind of assets.

Abstract: The management of historic buildings is achieved through several types of interventions. The interventions are established in relation to the degree of protection through the List of Historical Monuments, or through its intrinsic value mentioned by the preliminary studies. In principle, within a historical area, cultural values ​​can be exceptional, high, medium and null. Safeguarding historic areas is considered fundamental to the local culture of each settlement. The patrimony of a community represents the accumulation of experiences, of crafts and arts, of its development. Heritage is the legacy left to future generations. Therefore, any intervention in a protected area must be subject to the rules for the protection of the original substance and valuable compositional elements. Another important goal is focused on managing the concept of built value. Thus, it must be borne in mind that any cultural objective must be doubled by a certain value of use. Any space that requires preservation will be better maintained if used. Consequently, the management of cultural value, involves the management of functions, strategies for establishing development directions. This balance can be ensured through intervention regulations that can provide for permitted, conditional and prohibited uses. In the article we present the ways in which interventions on historical monuments can be managed. The main professional concepts must be supported by effective urban instruments, implemented at administrative level. We also aim to present possible strategies for attracting investors and promoting architectural heritage resources. The balance of decisions, the process from the study of cultural value, to the implementation of the intervention categories and to the realization of the projects represent the main focus of the study. Our conclusions will be based on the project made for the protection and restoration of the historical center of Craiova.

Abstract: Quartzite sculptures are considered some of the most impressive and informative archaeological remains which have been found in the most of Egyptian archaeological sites. Regrettably, quartzite sculptures suffer from many deterioration aspects such as granular disintegration, scaling, cracking, efflorescence, soiling, microbiological colonization. Water is the main aggressive deterioration factor of stones and stone-based monuments, as in addition to its direct role in deterioration mechanisms, it plays as a catalyst in the physicochemical and microbiological deterioration processes.During the last two decades, polymer nanocomposites have widely been applied in the field of cultural heritage conservation due to their unique physical and chemical characteristics. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are among the most important semiconductive nanomaterials that have been applied in the fabrication of nanocomposites. They have been demonstrated to improve the physicochemical and mechanical properties of polymers. In addition, zinc oxide nanoparticles were mixed with polymers in order to fabricate superhydrophobic and self-cleaning protective materials.The aim of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of zinc oxide nanocomposites, in order to select the best of them for the consolidation and protection of a colossal quartzite statue of Ramesses II. The properties of the treated quartzite samples were comparatively examined by colourimetric measurements, static water contact angle, compressive strength, and scanning electron microscope.

Abstract: Textiles for military clothing face a complex set of challenges. They must provide protection, durability and comfort in a wide range of hostile environments. The general requirements of military textiles include damage resistance, comfort, sweat management, cold-weather conditions and the integration of high-tech materials into uniforms. This paper discusses the main concepts regarding the application of textiles in military uses, where the surrounding environments such as desert, jungle or extremely cold areas as well as the nature of the situations involved pose a threat to the soldier’s safety. Therefore, the improvement and development of fibrous materials, textile structures and finishing processes can bring new perspectives for saving lives.

Abstract: Landmines and Improvised Explosive Devices are known to be major threats for the coalition armies in operation. In order to protect the soldiers from their effects, armored vehicle manufacturers developed some blast protective solutions. However, these solutions often reduce the vehicles’ mobility and payload capacity because of their shape or weight. Fiber Metal Laminates (FML) look like promising light weight blast protective solutions as they associate low areal densities with good bending rigidity and a high number of impedance mismatches which tend to attenuate the shock wave propagation. In this paper, three FML composed of a back plate of armored steel, a middle composite panel named A, B or C and a thin front plate made of mild steel were subjected to a blast loading. The maximum dynamic deformation of each target was recorded during the blast test. A macroscopic post-mortem analysis exhibits three similar behaviors of the back plates but very different permanent deformation patterns of the composite panels. A CT-scan of each panel was then realized to explain these three patterns and, based on these analysis, some hypothesis were made to improve the blast resistance of the B and C panels.

Abstract: How to extend your lifetime before you start using it or more often during use is a matter for every investor. In this paper, we will try to assess whether the use of protective coatings on concrete floors has a positive effect on the service life. The referee in our case will be the highly abrasive test method Böhme, which determines abrasion resistance. For comparison, we chose coatings based on sodium silicate solution, ie water glass. The market for these protective coatings is very diverse, so we have chosen to select products of renowned and unknown producers in different price ranges to cover the widest possible market.

Abstract: The paper deals with the theoretical analysis of physical, structural, and layout determinants affecting the design and restoration of historic buildings in terms of fire safety. Legislative requirements for fire safety of historic buildings in the Slovak Republic. Definition of the construction and layout limits in architectural solutions in model buildings in terms of optimizing the original function within the valid legislation. Construction possibilities considering the protection of building elements at higher fire load and layout changes in structures built to the original trusses.

Abstract: Egyptian faience is one of the most important archaeological materials that contain a lot of historical and technical information about ancient Egyptian civilization. Unfortunately, the Egyptian faience objects subject to many deterioration factors, especially humidity. Water has a direct role in dissolving the soluble components, it accelerates the physiochemical deterioration processes. In the present study, four types of ready to use nanoproducts were evaluated. It was done to select the best of them to consolidate and protect some archaeological faience from Matteria magazine. The properties of the treated samples, were comparatively investigated by colormetric measurements, static water contact angle, total immersion water absorption, compressive strength, and scanning electron microscope.