Papers by Keyword: Pyrophosphate

Abstract: A novel and efficient method for the preparation of acyclovir diphosphate and triphosphate has been developed. Phosphitylation, acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, and oxidative coupling with piperidine yielded acyclovir phosphoropiperidate benzyl ester intermediate in excellent yield. Acyclovir polyphosphates were synthesized in good yields by using the phosphoropiperidate/DCI system.

Abstract: Nucleside 5′-triphosphates (NTPs) play pivotal roles in biology and medicine. However, their synthesis still remains a challenge. We developed a general approach to the synthesis of aciclovir 5′-triphosphate by coupling intermediate pyridinium phosphoramidate with pyrophosphate.

Abstract: TiAl, TA6V and titanium coupons were treated by a phosphoric acid solution by dipping. They were then submitted to a heat treatment and, in the case of TiAl and TA6V, to high temperature discontinuous oxidation under laboratory air. The H3PO4 treatment allowed to decrease the mass gains for TiAl and TA6V, in particular during the first 100 hours. XRD analyses demonstrated for the three substrates the formation of a pyrophosphate layer during the heating period. This pyrophosphate evolved towards TiO2 with oxidation time increase, quicker for smaller aluminium content (or higher titanium content) in the metallic substrate. The decrease of mass gains was attributed to a diffusion barrier effect of the pyrophosphate layer as long as it was present.

Abstract: Gamma-TiAl samples were treated by phosphoric acid solutions at different concentrations. With 15 mol/dm3, a viscous deposit was left on the surface leading, after drying and high temperature oxidation, to a very heterogeneous surface aspect. Concentrations below 0.5 mol/dm3 were then used and allowed to greatly ameliorate the homogeneity of the superficial layer. After heating from ambient to oxidation temperature, however, cracks were always observed, due to the departure of gaseous molecules. Isothermal oxidation tests come out at 800°C and 900°C under reconstituted air showed that weight gains were strongly reduced when TiAl had been treated. A compound containing titanium, oxygen and phosphorus was detected at the end of the heating period, identified as titanium pyrophosphate, TiP2O7. This compound remained the only one detected for 100 h when oxidation was come out at 800°C, but evolved towards TiO2 when oxidation time was increased. In the case of oxidation at 900°C, the evolution from TiP2O7 to TiO2 also happened but appeared to go faster.

Abstract: In this study, we have shown that by incorporating pyrophosphoric acid into a brushite cement system, it is possible to produce a cement that exhibits adhesive tensile strengths with cortical bone, alumina, sintered hydroxyapatite and 316L stainless steel of 700 kPa. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a calcium phosphate cement formulation that exhibits such adhesive properties without the addition of an organic additive. The production of a bond between medical prostheses and bone may further widen the field of application of calcium phosphate cements, additionally the adhesive nature of the calcium phosphate cement may be a desirable ‘handling characteristic’ during reconstructive surgery.

Abstract: In this study the setting times, compressive strengths and microstructures of cements formed using pyrophosphoric acid solution and b-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP; Ca3(PO4)2) were compared with those of cement formed using orthophosphoric acid solution and b-TCP. It was found that cement formed using pyrophosphoric acid solution set more slowly than that formed using orthophosphoric acid and could be mixed to a higher powder to liquid ratio, facilitating the production of cement exhibiting compressive strengths, without pre-compaction, as high as 25 MPa. The use of pyrophosphoric acid as opposed to orthophosphoric acid resulted in a marked change in the microstructure of the cement.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the microbiologic effect silver (Ag) when incorporated in amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) prepared from solutions containing calcium, phosphate and pyrophosphate ions. The preparations were obtained from solutions with phosphate/pyrophosphate ratio, P/P2 = 7/3, and characterized as ACP using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and differential thermal analysis. The microbes tested were cultures of E. Coli, St. aureus, Ps aerogunosa, C. diphteroides and C. albicans in media alone (control), with ACP without Ag and with ACP containing different Ag concentrations. Results demonstrated the following: (1) Ag in ACP inhibited the growth of microorganisms in all five cultures, with ACP containing 3-6% Ag giving the greatest antimicrobial effect; (2) sensitivity to the antimicrobial action of Ag differed among the bacteria.

Abstract: Our earlier studies showed that several ions inhibit the crystal growth of apatite and promote the formation of amorphous calcium phosphates (ACP). These ions include: magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), stannous (Sn), ferrous (Fe), carbonate (CO3), pyrophosphate (P2O7). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of combination of these ions (e.g., Mg & CO3, Mg & P2O7, Mg & Zn, etc) on the formation and stability of ACP. ACP compounds containing the different ions were prepared at 25 and 37oC according to the method we previously described. Chemical stability was investigated by suspending the different ACP preparations in solutions with or without inhibitory ions. Thermal stability was determined by sintering the ACP at different temperatures. Dissolution properties were determined in acidic buffer. The ACP before and after chemical or thermal treatment were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. Results showed synergistic effects of inhibitory ions on the formation of ACP. ACP materials, regardless of their composition, remained amorphous even after heat treatment at 400oC. Transformation of ACP to other calcium phosphate phases depended on the pH and on the solution composition.