Papers by Keyword: Quartz

Abstract: Alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding has been identified as the most effective enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique to boost up the production of crude oil and improve the recoverable reserves. However, surfactant loss into the formation due to adsorption has been one of the issues, which could degrade the efficiency of the process. This study highlights the static adsorption of anionic sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) surfactant on the quartz sand with presences of alkaline and polymer at different pH and surfactant concentration. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) of SDS was determined using surface tension method and found at 0.22wt%. Three different systems were formulated namely A, B and C referring to the Surfactant formulation, Alkaline-Surfactant (AS) formulation and Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) formulation, respectively. For static adsorption tests, ASP system was formulated by adding 10,000 ppm sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) and 500 ppm of anionic Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) polymer into the surfactant solution. The formulation was then mixed with the quartz sand at a fixed mass to volume ratio of 1:5. The adsorption tests involved shaking the mixtures, centrifuging, and analysing the supernatant solutions using UV-Visible spectrophotometer for adsorption measurement. The adsorption tests resulted in low adsorption at higher pH and low surfactant concentration. It was discovered that the lowest surfactant adsorption exhibited by ASP system with approximate reductions of 65% and 63% as compared to surfactant formulation at ~pH 12 and 2000 ppm surfactant concentration, respectively. Thus, anionic surfactant has a great performance in ASP system compared to its individual formulation, resulting in lower surfactant adsorption.

Abstract: The aim of the work was to characterize the clay from Amuda-Isuochi, Abia state Nigeria. Preliminary research works on the area is scanty. The characterization involved chemical and elemental analyses, X-ray diffraction, specific surface area analysis, thermal analyses (TGA, DTA) and particle size distribution. The results showed that the clay is kaolin. Specific surface area of 251m²/g was observed, with average particle size of 84.67d.nm and polydispersity index of 0.203. The sample will find applications in oil and gas industry as lost circulation control material and for manufacture of proppants for hydraulic fracturing activities. Similarly, it can be used as an adsorbent and has potential applications for ceramic tile, paper, paints, fibre glass and starting material for alum. The kaolin clay will also be suitable as a nano-material. The output indicates an addition to local contents for Nigeria’s industrial development.

Abstract: In view of the low performance of porous ceramics on the wall, the heavy task of saving clay resources, and the major problems of dredging the Yangtze River, this thesis uses low-grade quartz sand along the Yangtze River as the main raw material and kaolin as the plasticizer. Drying, sintering and other processes prepare high-performance porous quartz ceramics, and improve the performance of porous quartz ceramics by studying the control conditions and the control mechanism related to the performance of the sintered body. Quartz porous ceramic bodies were sintered at 1100 °C and 1200 °C, and no obvious gradient structure was found. However, the quartz porous ceramic bodies had obvious gradient structures after sintering at 1300°C. The quartz porous ceramic bodies were sintered. When the temperature is 1400 °C, the green body is not found to have a pore gradient structure. When the water-to-material ratio is 1.2 and 1.3, the quartz porous ceramic body has no obvious gradient structure; when the water-to-material ratio is 1.4, 1.5, the sample has an obvious gradient structure. Combining the cost performance between material performance and energy consumption, in order to obtain a better bonding point, porous silica ceramics should be prepared with a water-to-material ratio of 1.4 and a sintering temperature of 1300 °C to prepare porous silica ceramics with a better pore gradient structure. Its porosity is 32.45%, and its compressive strength is 5.23 MPa.

Abstract: Effects of Water cement ratios on strengths characteristics of concrete produced with Recycled Iron and Steel Slag (RISS) aggregates was studied to understand the structural integrity of RISS aggregate in concrete and to determine the veracity of RISS aggregate as alternative aggregate to granite in concrete works. Mineralogical composition of the aggregate showed Silicon oxide (quartz) as the common mineral; both aggregates are well graded, strong and durable. Lower water cement ratios improved both the compressive and flexural strengths of RISS and granite concrete.

Abstract: The modern construction industry is more and more inclined to use composite binders instead of traditional binders. Composite binder is characterized by increased efficiency and environmental friendliness, improved performance characteristics at a reduced cost and energy consumption. Based on this, studies are needed to determine the possibility of using quartz-feldspar sand as a component of composite binders.

Abstract: Simple and low-cost homemade Rotating Analyzer Ellipsometer (RAE) configuration has been developed. Ellipsometer measures the changes of the reflected light polarization of the sample, yielding to the ratio of amplitude (ψ) and phase difference (Δ) between p- and s-polarization. Based on the ψ and Δ values, the dielectric constant of the sample can be extracted. However, the available manufacturer-made ellipsometer is quite expensive and is not a good choice for the student to learn the optical concept since the complexity of its structure could hide the simple optical concept during the measurement. In this work, we have built RAE that constituted of relatively simple components and low-cost as well as simple configuration. Here, we also show the principle of measurement and the ellipsometry data analysis using the optical model related to the system under study Drude-Lorentz model. The calibration of our SE has been done by measuring standard materials in the energy range of 1.5 to 3.3 eV and it was compared to the reference measurement using standard ellipsometer. The result is surprisingly accurate within the error of 5%. This research can be used for studying the several important optical concepts as well as for investigating nanostructured materials.

Abstract: The mineral processing technology of Anshan-type iron ores has been developed in a rapid speed in recent years, and the combined flowsheet at the core of anionic reverse flotation has become a mainstream in the beneficiation of Anshan-type iron ores in china. With the successful application of this combined flowsheet, some obvious problems are also emerging. Such as high requirement of pulp temperature, complex reagent system, high cost of reagent consumption and so on. In view of this,we have carried out an experimental study on the separation of Anshan type iron ore by cationic reverse flotation . A new collector (named KBD) which is mixed amines have been developed . On this basis, the actual mineral separation experiment is carried out in the laboratory.With KBD as the collector,and starch and sodium hexametaphoshate as the depressant, has resulted in an iron concentrate of 68.16% and recovery rate of 89.71%. The determination of the electrokinetic potential and the infra-red spectroscopic analysis show that KBD can effectively and priorly adsorbed to the surface of quartz, and has greatly change the elecrtokinetic potential of quartz.The interaction of the depressing agent has increased the differences of the floatabilities in quartz and hermitite and changed the surface electric property so that the effective separation has been realized.

Abstract: This article is devoted to the description of methods for improving the efficiency and production of autoclaved materials and lime, as well as an increase in safety in their production. The basis of the proposed technical and technological methods is a new method for the production of autoclaved materials. As part of the scientific work on improving the quality of autoclaved products, an additive (copper sulphate) was found, which makes it possible to slow down the lime hydration time in the binder for several hours, which makes it possible to apply the mechanical activation of lime-silica binder with wet grinding and improve working conditions in the workplace.

Abstract: Due to a wide range of studies, it has been established that siliceous clays can be an alternative source of raw materials for the production of various types of structural ceramics. Their wide occurrence contributes to their usage in industrial production. Siliceous clays have a specific mineralogical composition and were previously considered only as an additive to increase the plasticity of the main raw material. The chemical composition, properties of green and fired siliceous clays of the Malchevsky deposit has been studied in detail. They consist of 67-70% silica, 13-15% alumina, and 1-3% alkaline earth oxides. The main minerals are opal silica and beidellite. These thermographs confirm the presence of montmorillonite, zeolites, mica and hydromica, opal silica and quartz. It is established that siliceous clays belong to the groups of medium dispersed and highly plastic raw materials. Despite the increased molding moisture and great shrinkage, they are moderately sensitive to drying and allow you to get molding masses with high binding property. At the firing temperature of 1000-1020 ° C, the brick is free from defects, the strength grade is M200-250, and the frost resistance is F75. There are X-ray data of siliceous clays burned at temperatures of 900, 950, 1000, 1050, 1100° C. Significant phase transformations become noticeable at a temperature of 1000° C, when the process of transition of amorphous opal silica to cristobalite begins. At 1050° C, the formation of a glass phase begins. The results obtained suggest that the main phases of the fired material based on siliceous clays are quartz and cristobalite with a low degree of structural perfection and the formation of the microstructure occurs in the interval 1000-1100° C. So, siliceous clays can be considered as the main and additional material for the production of various types of structural ceramics.

Abstract: In this study, the utilization of lava sand as an aggregate in lime mortars, cement-lime mortars and natural hydraulic lime mortars has been investigated. The aim of this study is to compare some physico-mechanical and microstructural properties of lava sand mortars with reference mortars with pure quartz sand. Compressive and flexural strengths were tested at mortar age of 28, 56 and 90 days. The results revealed improved flexural strengths of mortars with lava sand despite the fact that the mortars showed higher open porosity and water absorption than those with quartz aggregate. This fact predetermines the use of lava sand in non-hydrophobic remedial mortars with a high ability to salt accumulation from masonry. The applied lava sand is convenient to lime-based mortars as an aggregate, especially in regions where the lava resources are abundant.