Papers by Keyword: Radiation

Abstract: Nanorobotics is the technology of creating robots at nanoscale. Specifically, nanorobotics refers to the hypothetical nanotechnology engineering discipline of designing and building nanorobots, devices ranging in size from 0.1-10 micrometers and constructed of molecular components. On this concept of artificial non-biological nanorobots, many research centers are performing the research activities. The names nanobots, nanoids, nanites or nanomites have also been used to describe these hypothetical devices. They are applied in advanced medical applications like diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, early detection and treatment of cancer, cellular nonosurgery and genetherapy. A few generations from now someone diagnosed with cancer might be offered a new alternative to chemotherapy. A doctor practicing nanomedicine of chemotherapy would offer the patient an injection of a special type of nanorobot that would seek out cancer cells and destroy them, dispelling the disease at the source, leaving healthy cells untouched unlike the traditional treatment of radiation that kills not only cancer cells but also healthy human cells. Radiation treatment may also cause hair loss, fatigue, nausea, depression, and a host of other symptoms. Thus in nanorobotics, the extent of the hardship to the patient would essentially be a prick to the arm. A person undergoing a nanorobotic treatment could expect to have no awareness of the molecular devices working inside them, other than rapid betterment of their health. A major advantage that nanorobots provide is durability, as they could last for years. The operation time would also be much lower because their displacements are smaller. Hence reduced material costs, accessibility to previously unreachable areas are the motivating factors. Thus our review explains that the designing and testing of primitive devices and their potential applications promise rich benefits for patients, medical personal, engineers, and scientists.

Abstract: An understanding of normal tissue response is necessary for the optimization of radiation treatment in cancer therapy. Cancer cells exhibit altered local dielectric properties compared to normal cells because of the difference in shape, size and orientation. These properties are measurable as a difference in electrical conductance using electrical impedance spectroscopy. Multiple frequency bioimpedance analysis is used to measure change in electrical properties of the irradiated tissues as a function of frequency and time. From the experimental results, it is clear that the electrical properties demonstrated good detection performance. The electrical parameters of the tissues could be used to distinguish the tissue's status. Changes in electrical properties at different frequencies show, that there are differences between conductivity of non-irradiated and irradiated tissues.

Abstract: The energy output of the Sun is fairly constant, but the solar irradiance varies significantly from one place to another and changes throughout the year. Sunlight only reaches the parts of the Earth that are facing the Sun at any given time, and the most intense irradiance is experienced by those parts that are not at an angle to the Sun as it passes over. The modeling and simulation of solar irradiance for a given area is useful for planning future investments in PV and thermal collectors.

Abstract: The present study investigates the thermal diffusion and radiation effects on magneto hydro dynamic mixed convection flow of a micro polar fluid past an infinite, steadily moving porous plate with variable suction and constant viscosity. The equations of continuity, linear momentum, angular momentum, energy and diffusion, which govern the flow field, are solved by using a regular perturbation method. The behavior of the velocity, micro rotation, temperature, concentration, skin-friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number has been discussed for variations in the physical parameters with the help of the graphs.

Abstract: The energy extracted from photovoltaic (PV) or solar thermal depends on solar insolation. For the extraction of maximum energy from the sun, the plane of the solar collector should always be normal to the incident radiation. Sun trackers move the solar collector to follow the sun trajectories and keep the orientation of the solar collector at an optimal tilt angle. Energy efficiency of solar PV or solar thermal can be substantially improved using solar tracking system. In this paper, an automatic solar tracking system has been designed and developed using DC motor on a mechanical structure with gear arrangement. The movements of two-axis solar trackers for the elevation and azimuth angles are programmed according to the mathematical calculation by using the Borland C++ Builder. Performance of the proposed system over the important parameter like solar radiation received on the collector, maximum hourly electrical power has been evaluated and compared with those for fixed tilt angle solar collector.

Abstract: Study on solar thermal technology along with its radiation, collection, storage sub-models are full of illuminations in many similar phenomena, so this paper analyzes dimensions in its radiation, collection processes, and founds dimensionless model for these processes, and also figures out their similarity laws, and then extends its radiation, collection theory and technology to fire evolution process, and generalizes fire-protection idea and method: besides directly extinguishing fire by cool water and other constraint agents, we try to collect and transfer fire radiation, as the result, indirectly extinguish fire. This generalization is expected to many brand-new extinguishing fire technologies in the future.

Abstract: The role of genetic instability (inferred from cytogenetic parameters of chromosome aberrations) and nuclear DNA repair activity play in radiation-determined diseases (neoplasms, including malignancies; congenital disorders and malformations; and chromosomal disorders) is considered in children from regions varying in extent of soil contamination with cesium-137 after the Chernobyl Accident.

Abstract: The radiation is a secondary product of fire and radiation could burn other combustible materials. This new describe radiation and course of fire. In the new is describe a room in the night club with different fire protection. This room is simulated in the fire dynamic simulation program and the results are compare with really fire test. The results from this experiment and simulation can be used for practice.

Abstract: Palm oil is one of the main raw materials available in the country. Hence, the diversification ofpalm oil derivatives into new products has been given priority. The development of new radiation curable materials for applications in radiation ultraviolet (UV) or electron beam (EB) curing technology is an important research area. The hyperbranched curable polyurethane acrylate (HBPUA) from oleic acid of palm oil has been synthesized through a three-step reaction. Dipentaerythritol was initially reacted with 2, 2-bis (hydroxymethyl) propionic acid in a solution medium aided by p-toluene sulfonic acid as a catalyst to form hyperbranched polyol polyester first generation (HBP-1). HBP-1 then used as the core and reacted with palm oil oleic acid to form the hyperbranched polyol polyester second generation (HBP-2). HBPUA was prepared by reacting HBP-2 resin with diisocyanate and hydroxyl-containing acrylate monomer with the presence of 0.1-2 wt% dibutyltin dilaurate as a catalyst. The reaction was confirmed by several analytical data namely hydroxyl value (OHV), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The HBPUA was easily curable when subjected to EB radiation. The thermal decomposition of HBPUA showed good thermal stability up to 450 oC.

Abstract: Micro sized gels have been widely used as drug carriers for its compatibility in blood. Among its important properties are round small dimensions and large surface area. These properties allow for better attachment of ligand and higher stability in the blood stream. In this study,microgels from polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) were prepared from its microemulsions form using electron beam with energy of 3 MeVat different irradiation dose of 0 to 25 kGy. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) study revealed that gel with diameter of 70-100 nm with a narrow size distribution was obtained at 5 kGy and 400-550 nm with a broad size distribution at 25 kGy. The molecular weight obtained from GPC-MALLS for the minimum practical dose irradiated has resulted to more than 4.22 x 10⁵ g/mol as compared to7.75 x 10² g/mol forunirradiated polymer. The increase of size and its distribution as well as its molecular weight over the elevation dose were suspected to be due to diffusion of micelles that leads to recombination of macro radicals from different micelles during longer irradiation period at higher doses. Overall findings from this study have proven that PEGDA microgels can be prepared via electron beam radiation with emulsions as templates for polymerization.