Papers by Keyword: Recycling

Abstract: With the development of new energy vehicles, urgent issues have attracted considerable attention. Some power batteries have entered the scrapping period, with the imperative recycling of used power batteries. Some studies have predicted that by 2020, the amount of power lithium battery scrap will reach 32.2 GWh, corresponding to ~500,000 tons, and by 2023, the scrap will reach 101 GWh, corresponding to ~1.16 million tons. In this study, nickel-cobalt-lithium LiNi_0.7Co_0.3O₂ cathode materials are regenerated from spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials as the raw material, which not only aids in the reduction of pressure on the environment but also leads to the recycling of resources. First, extraction is employed using extracting agent p204 to remove aluminum ions from an acid leaching solution. Extraction conditions for aluminum ions are: include a phase ratio of 1:2,a pH of 3, an extractant concentration of 30%, and a saponification rate of 70%.Next, the precursor was prepared by co-precipitation using sodium hydroxide and ammonia water as the precipitant and complexion agents, respectively; hence, the cathode material can be uniformly mixed at the atomic level. The precursor and lithium hydroxide were subjected to calcination at high temperature using a high-temperature solid-phase method. The Calcination conditions include an air atmosphere ; a calcination temperature of 800° °C ; a calcination time of 15 h, an n (precursor): n (lithium hydroxide) ratio of 1:1.1.The Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the synthesis temperature should not exceed 850°C. X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy spectrum analysis of the cathode material revealed a composition comprising Li, Ni, and Co oxides. After analysis, the material obtained is lithium nickel-cobalt-oxide, LiN_i0.7Co_0.3O₂, which is a positive electrode material with good crystallinity and a regular layered structure.

Abstract: The paper describes the project facade4zeroWaste which includes the development, architectural design relevance, grants of patents, results of pre-certification testing’s and the product publication in the time frame from 2009 till 2017. Aim of the research project facade4zeroWaste was the idea of a recyclable facade insulation system that can easily be dismantled after its lifetime and reused thanks to an innovative grip fixing system consisting of mushroom-shaped heads and loops - Grip fixing instead of adhesive. The project won numerous prices and awards like the EQAR - Recycling Prize 2015 or the Innovation Award for Architecture and Building 2017. The project is a contract research project tasked by Sto SE & Co. KGaA, Germany and Sto GesmbH, Austria. The façade system was presented to the public in January 2017 as the product Sto Systain R (R = render: seamless plaster layer surface) on the building fair BAU 2017 in Munich. *

Abstract: Tons of composite trimmings are regularly generated as a result of current production methods in commercial aircraft wing component fabrication. Specific to this proposal, a local facility produces trimmings that range in thickness from about a centimeter to over two inches thick and varying widths from a few inches to six inches and lengths up to five feet. Reducing the cost of the disposition of these trimmings and a reduction of waste to landfill are the primary motivations for this work. A processor was devised that both separates fiber and reduces volume. This device is a vertical crusher/roller into which the ‘boards’ are inserted. An initial cogged wheel delaminates much of the board. Secondary wheels and hammers crush the matrix. The resulting matrix is captured at the bottom, while the fibers are pulled off to a side roller. Preliminary testing of a prototype indicates that a composite board takes 156 ksi to initiate delamination in bending. A sub-size device with components was designed and built. The device was designed in the fall of 2017 and constructed over the winter. By spring the system was operational and test data was generated for the processor. Test parameters include percent and amounts of recovered fiber, processing rates related to all the composite constituents, packing volumes, and overall energy management. A report was generated in concurrence with our MET489 Senior Project capstone course by the end of the current academic year.

Abstract: Recycling Mg alloys has been demanded as the demand of Mg alloys has been increased. It is difficult to separate Mg with Al because the properties are similar except for the density. In this study, gravity sorting by vibrating particulate bed ajusted the density to intermediate between Mg and Al was applied for Mg separation with Al. The relationship the vibrating condition and the sorting accuracy was investigated by applying different vibration acceleration and by applying the vertical and horizontal vibration. Turbulent flow was observed and the recovery rate was improved when vertical vibration with high acceleration was applied to the bed. Higher recovery rate was achieved when horizontal vibration was applied to the bed. This result suggested that the horizontal movement of particle affected the behavior of sorting materials and high recovery ratio was achieved by optimizing vibrational condition such as vibration acceleration and the direction of vibration.

Abstract: The progress of civilization has been led to the increase of industrial products, the amount of waste is increasing, and its disposal has become a problem. And, the huge amount of expended concrete has led to the dissipation of natural aggregate. To deal with these problems, many researches have been executed to use a variety of industrial waste as aggregate in concrete materials. So, in this paper, the flexural behavior with substitution ratio of heavyweight waste glass were compared and evaluated in reinforced concrete members. From the results, initial cracking load, yielding load and flexural rigidity less affected by substitution ratio of heavyweight waste glass. However, the ductility of the RC member was significantly affected when all of the fine aggregate is replaced by the heavyweight waste glass.

Abstract: Recycling and storage of galvanic production sludges requires significant costs and they are strictly regulated by environmental documents. At the same time, the sludges contain a significant amount of non-ferrous metals, including nickel, which are preferable to extract. To evaluate the extracting nickel possibility from the sludges and selecting a method for their processing, it is necessary to study the chemical, phase, fractional material composition.

Abstract: The issue of operated-off alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries recycling is currently relevant due to a number of aspects: economic, environmental and social. It is most acute across the national corporation JSC Russian Railways. The article deals with some technological features of operated-off alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries recycling with valuable components being extracted (from the example of nickel-cadmium storage batteries of JSC "RZD" rolling equipment). The results of leaching in Trilon B synthetic oxides solution, the presence of which is possible in the raw material being processed, are presented in the study. Based on the study of leaching processes of CdO, NiO, FeO, Femet and Fe2O3 in Trilon B solution, the dependence of complexing on the pH of the solution was revealed. The experimental site of the hydrometallurgical processing of the research center (OCGP IC) in the GMO KhMC PJSC "Uralelectromed" was selected as the testing one for the technology proposed. As a raw material for the tests, a lot of negative lamellae packed in alkaline storage batteries of two different types were used. They were obtained as a result of preliminary drying and cutting at OOO Kursk factory "Accumulator". The particle size is 90% - 0.1 mm. The results obtained during the research allowed the author to formulate a hypothesis about the practical use of Trilon B for the processing of operated-off alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries with the extraction of valuable components having greater economic, environmental and social benefits compared to methods based on pyro metallurgy.

Abstract: The article presents the result of research in the field of processing wooden railroad ties and thermoplastic polymer household waste with obtaining composite railroad ties under conditions of energy efficiency of technological processes. The wood of the used wooden ties contains a significant proportion of chemical compounds based on creosote. As a result of the thermal and mechanical action, the creosote compounds in the wood form hydrophobic surfaces, thereby fulfilling the function of the bonding additives. Under the above-mentioned conditions, hydrogen bonds are formed between the components of the wood composite, that, in its turn, allows achieving the task of creating a functional composite, which varies in the compound of elements and the modes of production processes. Experimental studies were held on the nature of justification and correction of theoretical studies. The experimental stand of composite production is realized on the principle of energy efficient cooling cycles of the obtained composite with heat transfer for heating the initial components. The obtained results of experimental studies exceed the regulation values by every measure. The comparison justifies the quality of the experimental samples obtained with respect to these values.

Abstract: Concrete on Portland cement and cement modified with expanding additives were studied. The authors present the results of study of the modified concrete with combined aggregate. Combined aggregate is a composition of natural granite and limestone crushed stone mixed with crushed concrete. Structure and properties of concrete with combined aggregate is insufficiently studied, which limits their use in civil engineering Recycling of building materials allows to expand the raw material base, to solve the problems of resource conservation and environmental protection. The regularities and causes of changes (reduction) indicators of the quality of concrete with combined aggregate. Studying of properties and laws of formation of structure of concrete at the same time is a method of control of their production. The valuation of properties of concrete with combined aggregates will allow to use them along with traditional concrete.

Abstract: The use of glass residue as a finely ground mineral additive, in partial replacement of cement and aggregates, is a promising direction for recycling. This work aimed to analyze the influence of residues from the glass cutting process on adhesive mortar, as partial replacement of cement and small aggregates. The powdered glass was used in amounts of 10, 15 and 20 wt% in substitution for Portland cement and, in another moment, in substitution for small aggregates. It was verified that the substitution enhances the adhesion resistance of the mortar with increasing curing temperature.