Papers by Keyword: Reduce

Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of installing modified copper C-SiO₂-ZSM5 in the exhaust, installing modified copper in the exhaust to reduce CO and HC. The two methods used to reduce CO and HC exhaust emissions are as follows: the first method is by mixing fossil fuels with ethanol. The fuel used is a mixture of gasoline + ethanol with variations of gasoline, E10, and E20. The second method is to provide a CO and HC reformer catalyst made of modified copper with the addition of SiO₂ and MZM5 as much as 10% and 20%, respectively. The test uses a four-stroke two-wheel motor in a neutral gear position. Exhaust emission data retrieval is at 1500, 3000, 5000, 7000, 9000 rpm. With gasoline fuel mixed with ethanol with E 10 and E 20. There is a decrease in CO at each engine speed in each fuel variation, because the more ethanol content, the greater the supply of O₂ in combustion because ethanol has oxygen bonds that can increase combustion. The emission of CO and HC gas on gasoline-fueled motors are greater than those of E 10 and E 20 motors. The use of a copper converter catalyst SiO₂-C-ZSM5 is very significant and can reduce CO levels for gasoline fuel from the highest value of 4,7% to 2.82%, gasohol fuel E 10 with the highest value of CO 3.02% decreased to 1.2% and gasohol fuel E 20 the highest value of CO 2.78% decreased to 0.17%. Changes were seen visually on the surface of the copper used for the CO and HC reduction test, the surface copper became darker in color, especially when testing using gasoline. When using a mixture of ethanol and gasoline, copper is purplish brown color.

Abstract: With the Industrial revolution and modernization, many other issues related to it are also increasing. Problems of resource exploitation, pollution etc. has emerged as global issue and matter of high concern. Out of various industries, construction industry is one such sector which contributes highly for problems like emission of green house gases into atmosphere. Materials like cement, steel, bricks are highly energy intensive materials. Many of the conventional materials and technology options for building construction do not meet sustainability criteria. Lesser use of theses material and alternative environmentally friendly material contributes significantly in reducing CO₂ gas emission and problems associated with it. The strategy of 3R that is Reduce, Reuse and Recycle is one of the important techniques in the construction industry to achieve the sustainability. The same strategy is applied in this research work for finding appropriate substitute for major construction resource that is concrete and on basis of experimental strength results and property findings, the structural stability of various waste mix concrete elements is analyzed and designed so as to find corresponding changes in RCC design if any appears. The comparative results of analysis and design for various such percentage replaced waste mix concrete is highlighted. The analysis and design results obtained on the basis of innovative materials having specimen properties are fair enough for utilizing in construction practices.

Abstract: The development of wind power is growing rapidly in recent years. At the same time, the environment problem has been increasingly prominent, especially the haze. Through the analysis of large numbers of data, it is not hard to find the formation of haze is almost synchronous with the development of wind power. Whether there being some inevitable connection, is the focus of this research. In this paper, through theoretical analysis and practice analysis, it shows that the distribution of wind power plants can reduce its downstream wind speed. And this paper puts forward some new recommendations for the future planning and construction of wind power.

Abstract: Part of the growing environmental problem within academic institutions is the accumulation of solid waste in large volume and health risk it poses to humans and other living creatures. Waste generators non-challant attitude towards throw away culture is one of the major problems. An extended theory planned behaviour (TPB) research model which incorporates attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control will be used to understand the specific behaviour and identify the underlying factors which influence the behaviour of students towards reduce reuse and recycle (3Rs) program. The conceptual model will be used to develop a new system or improve existing systems of reduce reuse and recycle practice behaviour amongst the students within an academic environment, and provide a forum for discussion among researchers and practitioners worldwide.

Abstract: Transverse Flux Permanent-magnet Motor has low speed, high torque density characteristics. In order to reduce cogging torque, a novel topology model of transverse flux motor has been designed for electric vehicle wheel in this paper. Its remarkable characteristic is sufficient to reduce the cogging torque, raise motor output torque and raise utilization ratio to the space in electric vehicle wheel. The cogging torque of the prototype model is calculated through the three dimensional finite element analysis methods. The result shows that the theoretical research method is effective and topology model rationality.

Abstract: With the strategy thought of sustainable development, proceeding from materials used in sustainable design, to analysis the relationship between the selection of materials and the environment resources. To realize the purpose of making a harmony development of human and environment, using the source from design, we think about how to reduce the destruction to nature, to maintain a sustainable development in economic society.

Abstract: This study crushed kitchen waste in the size of 0.8--2.4 cm. and control the water content to improved the treatment efficiency and accelerate the composting process. Reduce the process composting time in a short duration of 21days（Usually more than 40 days）. The quantity of volume reduction of kitchen waste was 77%. The compost materials were analyzed. This study produced good quality compost. The final compost material provided good humus to build up soil characteristics and some basic plant nutrients ensuring environmental health and supporting food production.

Abstract: Since the problems of environmental pollution and natural resource consumption have become worse, Packaging Industry should take its responsibility of protecting the environment. This article discussed about some serious problems caused by over packaging and made a research on some methodologies on reducing packaging. Among the 3R1D principles, the most important one is “Reduce”. Simplifying packaging could not only both directly save natural resources and reduce environmental pollution but also has a resounding ripple effect across the entire production phase. Through this way, the author tried to find some new solutions to minimize human’s impact to the environment.

Abstract: The construction industry consumes a substantial amount of raw materials in its processes and the output is obviously the product and most importantly the waste material. Other than that, the construction industry is well known as one of the worst environmental polluters. This study is to determine the use of waste minimisation technique in creating sustainable waste management in order to identify the technique which has the most capabilities to reduce on-site waste. The objective of this study is to assess the waste minimization techniques taken from the 4R concept (which includes reduce, reuse, recycle and recovery techniques) in minimizing the waste in construction waste management. The most used waste minimization technique found in the 4R concept would be waste reduction. This shows that the local construction industry has the knowledge necessary to plan out the waste management processes but the implementation is still far from satisfying. Additionally, the findings reveal that because the industry is profit-driven, construction practitioners are motivated by profit to adapt to this techniques.

Abstract: Aiming at the rationality of new knowledge mesh, which is obtained from the self-reconfiguration of knowledgeable manufacturing systems, the inherent structure principle of the knowledge mesh is studied. Firstly, the sets of the knowledge points are classified by the equivalent relations, and the function topological space is constructed. The relationships between the sets of the knowledge points and the function topological space are established by the real set. In the function topological space, the conclusions of the base are given, which show the essential mapping relationships of the knowledge mesh, the topological space and the base. After knowing the principle, the structure of the knowledge mesh is reduced by using the equivalent relations, the base and the basic knowledge points. The completeness of the complex relationships in the knowledge mesh is studied by the transitive closure. These conclusions can reduce the structure and enhance the rationality of the knowledge mesh. Finally the given example shows that these theories are effective.