Papers by Keyword: Reduction Measure

Abstract: During the strong near-source ground motions, adjacent bridge decks often collide each other because of the insufficient separations. Pounding can cause severe bridge damage, or even result in unseating if the seating length is not enough. In this study, the bridge structure is modeled by a finite element method. The subsoil is represented by steel springs and viscous dampers. The considered reduction measure consists of steel springs with additional friction element. The nonlinear analysis is performed in the time domain. The considered earthquakes are the 1994 Northridge earthquake and the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The reduction of the relative displacement and pounding forces of the two bridge decks is investigated. The investigations reveal that the proposed reduction measure can be used to reduce the seismic responses between two bridge decks with their neighboring abutments.

Abstract: The amount of CO2 emissions from steelworks accounts for a great share of the total CO2 emissions from industry in China. Thus, reducing CO2 emissions from steelworks is urgent for China’s environmental protection and sustainable development. This study aims at identifying factors that influence CO2 emissions from steelworks and proposing measures to reduce CO2 emissions. The life cycle inventory (LCI) of iron and steel products implies the relationship between the CO2 emissions of the steelworks and the input variables of the LCI. The Tornado Chart Tool is utilized to calculate the variation of CO2 emissions caused by the change of each input variables of LCI. Then, mean sensitivity of each input variable is calculated and the ranking criterion developed is used to identify the main factors influencing the integrated steelworks. Subsequently, measures for reducing CO2 emissions are proposed. The results indicate that the very important influencing factors of CO2 emissions in steelworks are the CO2 emission factor of Blast Furnace Gas (BFG), liquid steel unit consumption of continuous casting, continuous casting slab unit consumption of hot rolling and hot metal ratio of steelmaking. Consequently, many efficient measures for reducing CO2 emissions have been proposed, such as removing CO2 contained in BFG, decreasing the hot metal ratio of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF), recycling BFG, optimizing the products’ structure, etc.