Papers by Keyword: Renewable

Abstract: The potential for biomass as an alternative source of energy is being studied widely. In this study, process flow design is done to analyse the pyrolysis of biomass and its products and how energy can be generated from its products. The energy used per process is calculated and the heat required in the processes were also calculated. The optimization of process parameters for the production of energy from wood biomass via pyrolysis was conducted using the Response Surface Methodology (RS) in the Design Expert 2022 environment using the following range of process parameters: temperature (400-1000°C), vapour residence time (5-30 min) and particle size (0.5-2.0 mm). The feasible combination of process parameters from the design of experiment was validated via physical experimentation having three responses namely: yield of char, yield of biofuel and yield of syngas. The designed experiments and corresponding outcomes produced three predictive models for estimating the yields of char, biofuel and syngas as a function of temperature, vapour residence time and particle size. The results obtained indicated that low temperature favours the formation of biochar while moderate temperature favours the formation of biofuel and the production of syngas is favoured by elevated temperature. The optimal values of process parameters and responses obtained include: temperature (642.271 °C), vapour residence time (6.248 min), particle size (0.603 mm), yield of char (71.9%), yield of biofuel (71.9%) and yield of syngas (76.5%). This study adds to the literature on the pyrolysis process for the conversion of wood biomass to energy. It also contributes to the fields of renewable and sustainable energy generation.Keywords: Biomass, biofuel, char, renewable and sustainable energy, RSM, syngas

Abstract: New control algorithms are required to deal with the intermittent, stochastic, and distributed nature of the generation and new consumption patterns. Control of micro-grids poses significant challenges that need to be addressed through advanced control techniques. This paper investigates an optimal control strategy that efficiently manages a stand-alone residential micro-grid comprising renewable and non-renewable energy sources. An adaptive model predictive control (AMPC) algorithm is implemented for choosing an optimal mode and set of inputs for the system to track both a constant and load-varying power demand profile. The problem to be solved by the AMPC control algorithm is to perform an optimal power reference tracking problem, where the consumption of energy from the diesel generator is minimized while maximizing the efficiency of the storage bank. The objective of the optimal control scheme is for the generation to meet the demand, minimize the use of fossil fuels and ensure the energy storage is always maintained around a nominal point such that it is not over-depleted. Therefore, the main goal is to maximize the use of renewable sources and minimize traditional sources. The design and simulation of the plant model and the AMPC controller are carried out on the MATLAB/Simulink environment.

Abstract: Solar energy is being used in many ways, but the easiest to trap solar energy is solar pond. Solar Ponds absorb the solar energy and the absorbed solar energy will be taken away by a streaming fluid. A non-convective solar pond has been constructed to investigate the temperature variations of it, in the weather conditions of Pachapalayam, Coimbatore. Solar pond with a surface area of 1.7m2, a depth of 0.5m has been built-up and an inflexible surface is maintained at the bottom using a dark-colored (blackened) HDPE sheet, thermo styrene for capturing the heat in a good amount. Measurement of the temperature at depths of 0.05, 0.1. 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4 0.45, m from the base of the pond and ambient temperature were taken using washer type thermocouples. Solar radiations were taken during a period of 10 days of experimentation using a solar power meter. In this experimental work investigated the performance of solar pond with NaCl salt and coal cinder

Abstract: Biopolymer made from renewable material is one of the most important groups of polymer because of their versatility and they can be manufactured in a wide range of densities, damping and stiffness. In this project, biopolymer based from waste vegetable oil were synthesized and crosslinked with commercial polymethane polyphenyl isocyanate and doped with titanium dioxide (TiO₂) to produce renewable polymer foam (RPF).The RPF was compressed by using hot compression moulding technique at 90 °C based on the evaporation of volatile matter and is known as compressed renewable polymer (CRP). The compressive strength, compressive modulus, absorption energy, static stiffness, vibration and damping characteristic of RPF and CRP were determined. The compressive strength and compressive modulus of RPF and CRP samples steadily increased with increasing of TiO₂ loading. The highest compressive strength of RPF and CRP samples is at 10 % of TiO₂ loading of 96.43 kPa and 354.55 kPa, respectively due to the amount of filler loading. The absorption energy and static stiffness of CRB allows it to absorb more energy than RPF due to the smaller cell size and higher density. The vibration and damping characteristic of both samples were generated at displacements of 1 mm and acceleration of 0.1 G base excitation according to ASTM D3580-9. It was revealed that, the vibration transmissibility characteristic of RPF and CRP samples slightly increased and damping characteristic is vice versa with the increasing of percentages of TiO₂ loading at the frequency range of 15 - 25 Hz.

Abstract: This paper suggests methods of using of alternative sources of energy for SIP-houses building in conditions of Kazakhstan. The model of "Polygon for the use of renewable energy” was developed. This model demonstrates possibilities of transforming wind and solar energy into electric and heating energy.

Abstract: Nigeria is endowed with abundant energy resources, both conventional and renewable, which can potentially provide the country with a sufficient capacity to meet the ambitions of both urban and rural Nigerians of a full, nationwide electrification level. Yet, Nigeria has one of the lowest consumption rates of electricity per capita in Africa. With the demand superseding the generation, there is inequitable access of rural communities to the electricity service in the country. There are inherent obstacles militating against the effective implementation of an orderly energy policy in Nigeria. The inefficiencies over shadowing the allocation of energy resources coupled with the near depletion of fossil fuels, make it imperative for the country to exploit its huge natural renewable resources to avoid a worsening energy supply scenario and provide feasible solar water pump to rural dwellers. This paper presents the applications of solar water pumping which are already quite significant and are growing at steady rate. Solar energy is suitable for small-scale water pumping in remote areas where the demand is regular, such as for drinking water, but it may also be used for irrigation. Most areas in Nigeria have climates suitable for solar pumping. A review is given of the use of solar energy for water pumping to improve the living conditions of the population in rural areas and to develop techniques for utilization of solar energy in a tropical environment condition. Results, suggests that, solar powered water pumping must be encouraged, promoted, invested, implemented, and demonstrated by full scale in Nigeria.

Abstract: Biodiesel is a clean, renewable energy, non-burning emissions of sulfur dioxide, other harmful gases than conventional diesel fuel by 70 percent. This article outlines the concept of biofuels and main characteristics, focusing on the ship can be used as an alternative fuel biodiesel, analyzes the development prospects of bio-diesel.

Abstract: Wood belongs among one of the oldest building materials in Slovakia. Historically, it has been used mainly in traditional folk architecture, however in many forms; as a structural and expressive material, it is an inherent part of representative historical architecture. Considerable decline in the use of wood as structural material started in the 2^nd half of the 20^th century, when building construction industry turned to more progressive materials such as concrete, steel, aluminium, plastics and glass.

Abstract: To cope with biochemical terrorism attack and public health emergency, it is urgently necessary to develop a kind of renewable toxic gas filtering apparatus in order to solve problems of regular replacement and short protective time of existing toxic gas filtering apparatus. Based on the analysis of the deficiency of existing toxic gas filtering apparatus, a kind of renewable toxic gas filtering apparatus was developed using the technology of variable pressure. The contaminated air could be purified by renewable toxic gas filtering apparatus finally provide pure air for persons in the vessel compartment. Renewable toxic gas filtering apparatus can satisfy the NBC protective of civil building.

Abstract: Researchers, environmentalists, and policy makers are keen to reduce the dependency on use of fossil fuels towards climate change. Various alternatives are being implemented for alternate sources of energy for transportation sector; Biofuels can reduce the dependency on the import of the fossil fuels. Different kind of biofuels are available compositions are alcohols, ethers, esters etc. Commonly available biofuels are ethanol, methanol and biodiesel. They can be produced from various thermo-chemical and bio-chemical processes. Methanol has been gaining momentum as a potential alternative for traditional fossil fuels in transportation sector. There is an increased trend in the development of methanol as a fuel around the world. This paper deals with the study of the use of methanol as an automotive fuel. Methanol has certain positive properties on the vehicle’s performance. However, methanol cannot be used directly as a fuel in the vehicles due to volatility and compatibility issues. But it could be used as a blend with the gasoline for its characteristics such as high octane number and lower emissions. Blending of methanol with gasoline will have affect on the properties of blend, this paper discusses about the change in properties and its effects on engine.