Papers by Keyword: Rice Husk

Abstract: Rice straw and rice husk fibers (RS/RH) reinforced polymer-based composites have theability to conserve wood and petroleum resources. As natural filler, rice straw and rice husk offer asustainable material for the production of polymer-based composites. The application ofbiocomposite limits the burning of straw at the root and may further enhance the socioeconomicstatus of farmers and rural populations. This review mainly focuses on five different weightpercentage of reinforced RS and RH fiber content (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) in polymercomposites. Nowadays, Epoxy, polyurethane, polyester, PVA, PLA and polyethylene are beingused as matrix material in polymer composites. This paper holds good with understanding themechanical properties, pretreatment methods and offer important insight into potential uses ofpolymer composites with biodegradable reinforce fiber.

Abstract: The abundance of rice husk in some regions of Southeast Asia makes it a potential feedstock for hydrogen synthesis. However, the information on economic and environmental feasibility of its conversion to hydrogen is lacking. This study aims to assess the techno-economic and life cycle sustainability of hydrogen production from rice husk via the thermochemical gasification method. The techno-economic analyses reveal that rice husk-based hydrogen conversion is more financially attractive than conventional hydrogen production technology. The results of the life cycle assessment are also promising, especially with the global warming potential of the rice husk-based hydrogen production being 99.7 % lower than that of natural gas steam reforming. Waste valorization of rice husk into hydrogen is therefore economically and environmentally viable.

Abstract: This work identifies the effect of loading benzotriazole (BTA) on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) as an initial step in preparing a self-healing corrosion-protective coating with environmentally friendly precursors, rice husk, which advantages cheaper, renewable, and contains relatively high silica. This research uses the sol-gel method to synthesize MSN. Based on the result, it is known that the loading of BTA strongly affects the porosity properties of these nanoparticles. The pore sizes increase as the surface areas and pore volumes decrease. However, the silicone composition shrinks. Based on pore size, it is known that all the samples in this work were mesoporous materials (over 2 nm) with spherical and globular morphologies (like coral reefs).

Abstract: Siliconizing is one of the case-hardening processes used in the enhancement of some carbon-steel based material properties. Gears, rolling engineering parts, and pickling tanks produced with mild steel can offer better wear and hot-corrosion resistance characteristics through siliconizing. However, the cost of silicon hindered the wide usage of siliconized mild steel, which is the motivation for seeking remedy through processing of agro-waste materials. In this work, waste rice husk was used in the production of silicon nanoparticles using the sol-gel method. The silicon nanoparticles produced were used in the siliconizing of mild steel. The microstructure, hardness values, wear and corrosion tests were determined. The work shows that enhanced hardness values with improved corrosion and wear resistance were obtained when using waste rice husk to siliconize mild steel that can be used in the production of gears and storage tanks.

Abstract: Thermoplastic starch bio-composite compound of cross-linked cassava starch has been produced by a twin screw extruder. Rice husk powder, bacterial cellulose fiber and glycerol were incorporated into the starch at various compositions. Bio-composite compounds were thermally compressed into a mechanical test specimen. Influences of reinforcing materials and plasticizer contents were investigated. An extrusion (160°C) and compression (200°C) at higher temperature produced a greater structural deformation of the cross-linked starch than a processing at lower temperature. Morphology of the bio-composite showed a homogeneous distribution of reinforcement in the matrix at high temperature processing and showed good adhesion between rice husk particle, bacterial cellulose fiber and starch matrix. Flexural and tensile mechanical properties of the bio-composite significantly improve with only 0.71%wt bacterial cellulose incorporation.

Abstract: There is a growing demand for sustainable alternatives to petroleum based fuels to be used in the preparation of activated carbon for energy and manufacturing sector. Rice husk (RH) is widely available in rice producing countries and found to be good source for activated carbon. The present study proposes the optimization and characterization of activated carbon from rice husk in a single step using response surface methodology with the full factorial design. In this study, rice husk was carbonized at fixed temperature and activated at different temperatures (700–900°C) and residence times (60–90 min). The optimum condition for recovery, iodine value and surface area was achieved at 900°C and 60 min residence time with desirability being 65%. The recovery, iodine value and surface area at optimum conditions were 19.80%, 865.77 mg/g, and 589.67m²/g, respectively. Overall, the carbonization and activation in a single step resulted god quality of activated carbon for variety of applications.

Abstract: The background of this study is to reduce and reuse agricultural waste, specifically rice husk and rice straw waste. This research aimed to determine the sound absorption coefficient / noise absorption coefficient (NAC) of a composite material made of rice husk and rice straw so that it can be used as an alternative acoustic material. Rice husk and straw were processed into composite materials using a polyester matrix with a volume fraction of 30:70 and sample thickness variations of 25 mm and 40 mm. In addition to treating variations in sample thickness, samples were made with different cavity holes diameter variations, including flat (without cavity holes), 3 mm, and 4 mm with 10 mm cavity depth. Samples were tested using a type 4206 impedance tube with two microphones according to the ASTM E1050 standard in the 200 – 1600 Hz frequency range. According to the findings of this study, the maximum sound absorption coefficient value of the rice straw composite material is obtained from samples with a thickness variation of 40 mm and a cavity diameter of 3 mm, with α value of 0.87 at a high frequency of 1,600 Hz. Meanwhile, the rice husk composite material's maximum sound absorption coefficient value was obtained from samples with a thickness variation of 40 mm and a cavity diameter of 3 mm with α value of 0.65 at a low frequency of 400 Hz. According to the findings of this study, rice straw composite material and rice husk composite material have different properties as sound absorbing materials and can be used as acoustic materials in a specific frequency range.

Abstract: This research attempted to prepare thermal insulation material made of naturally occurring products. Natural rubber (NR) foam comprised of ground rice husk as a filler was practically investigated. STR 5L played as a solid commercial NR was mixed with various chemicals on a two-roll mill. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and di-nitroso pentamethylene tetramine (Supercell DPT) were employed as curing and blowing agents, respectively. Physical, mechanical and thermal insulation properties of NR composite foams were studied with various particle sizes (mesh 40 and 60) and quantities (0-80 phr) of the ground rice husk. Cure characterization and preparation of all NR compounds were performed at 160 °C. As a result of tensile properties, the bigger particle size (mesh 40) and the highest amount of the ground rice husk at 80 phr resulted in the maximum tensile strength and elongation at break (%) of the NR composite foams. The thermal insulation property of the NR composite foams carried out by ASTM C177 revealed that the lowest thermal conductivity among three representative NR formulations was found to be 0.0862 W/m.K for the NR foam reinforced with the ground rice husk mesh 40 at 20 phr. Closed cell NR composite foam with a smaller amount of ground rice husk particles provides good compressive strength and heat insulation properties but not good tensile properties.

Abstract: In this study, silver-silica (Ag/SiO₂) was synthesized using the sol-gel method by silica from rice husks. Silica derived from rice husk waste was previously synthesized using the sol gel method. In addition, the Ag material used in this study was also performed into silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This method was chosen to obtain an Ag/SiO₂ composite with nano size and high purity. AgNPs were synthesized using silver nitrate (AgNO₃) by reduction method at 90 °C. The reducing agent and stabilizer used is trisodium citrate. UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDX were used for the analysis Ag/SiO₂ composites. Uv-Vis analysis results Ag/SiO₂ has an absorption peak at a wavelength of 412 nm with a bandgap energy of 2.25 eV. These peaks indicate that AgNPs have formed in the SiO₂ membrane. The FTIR results revealed the Si-O-Si bonds which indicated the presence of silica and the Ag-O functional group, and the presence of AgNPs. The results of XRD analysis showed that the silica structure formed was cristobalite and silver crystals in the face center cubic (fcc) shape. The results of the SEM-EDX morphological analysis showed that the Ag/SiO₂ nanocomposite was shaped like sharp stone chips and the presence of small granules (granules) with different particle sizes and shapes, slightly porous and the composition of the compounds in the Ag/SiO₂ nanocomposite indicated the presence of various chemical elements in the sample, including carbon, oxygen, sodium, silica, and silver.

Abstract: The mechanical properties of natural fiber composites reinforced with rice husk and multi-walled carbon nanotubes are studied. Two different mixing concentrations are prepared: 5 wt.% and 10 wt. % rice husk and 0.5 wt.% and 1.0 wt.% multi-walled carbon nanotubes incorporating with the constant reinforcing phases of the banana fiber is 10 wt.%. (Specimens: NBRME1 and NBRME2, where, N-NaOH; B-Banana fiber; R-Rice husk; M-MWCNT; E-Epoxy). The effect of surface treatment of banana fiber bundles is reacted with a 6% sodium hydroxide solution. The surface-treated reinforcement results indicated higher tensile, bending, and impact strength of the 0.5% MWCNT composite (43.96 MPa, 60.62 MPa, and 46.5 J/m) compared with 1% MWCNT composite. High-resolution optical macroscopic images are revealed a variety of defects, including interface behaviour, fiber stretching, fracture, cracking, and agglomeration. Biodegradable organic rice husk-based epoxy resin composite is valuable for manufacturing electronic parts, chips and circuits.